二叠纪-三叠纪之交双壳类的灭绝与复苏过程  

The Extinction and Delayed Recovery of Bivalves during the Permian-Triassic Crisis

作　　者：黄云飞[1] 童金南[2] 向烨[3] 肖传桃[1] 宋海军[2] 田力[2] 宋婷[2] 楚道亮 

机构地区：[1]长江大学地球科学学院,湖北武汉430100 [2]中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [3]中国石化集团新星石油有限责任公司,北京100083

出　　处：《地球科学（中国地质大学学报）》2015年第2期334-345,共12页Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.41272372;41172312;41302010);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(No.1212011120116)

摘　　要：为了建立早-中三叠世双壳类的残存-复苏模式及深入探讨双壳类迟缓复苏的原因,对全球范围内该时期双壳类属的时限分布进行了统计.总体来看,3个亚纲(Pteriomorphia、Palaeotaxodont和Heteroconchia亚纲)和5种生活方式(外栖活动类、外栖固着类、半内栖类、内栖浅掘穴类和内栖深掘穴类)的双壳类均展示出了一致的规律,属级分异度直到中三叠世Anisian期才恢复到晚二叠世末生物大灭绝之前的水平.二叠纪残存类型在早-中三叠世双壳类中所占的比例逐步降低,从占过渡层的77.3%降低到了中三叠世Anisian期的33.7%,指示双壳类的缓慢复苏过程.而在整个早三叠世的漫长复苏期中,双壳类仅遭受背景灭绝,表明双壳类的迟缓复苏受限于长时期的高压环境,随着海洋环境的逐步好转,才逐渐出现新的类型.In order to reconstruct the survival and recovery pattern of bivalves and probe into the reasons in the aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction,all available data of the Late Permian to Middle Triassic bivalve genera all around the world have been counted and analyzed.The bivalves belonging to 3subclasses（Pteriomorphia,Palaeotaxodonta,and Heteroconchia）and 5lifestyles（epifaunal attached,epifaunal motile,semi-infaunal,shallow infaunal,and deep infaunal）show a similar recovery pattern.The diversity curves of bivalves display that the recovery of bivalves was delayed to Anisian,when the genus diversity increased nearly to the similar value of the Changhsingian prior to the End-Permian mass extinction.In addition,Permian survivors including long-term survivors,holdover species,and Lazarus taxa dominated the bivalves during the Early Triassic,but not in the Anisian（Middle Triassic）.Bivalves only suffered background extinction rates during the Early Triassic,indicating the delayed recovery of bivalves resulted from long-term hostile environments.

关 键 词：晚二叠世 早三叠世 双壳类 生物灭绝 生物复苏 地层学 环境影响 

分 类 号：P52[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]