关于“应用理科”的几点思考  

The Consideration about the " Applied Science"

作　　者：王义遒[1] 祝诣博[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871 [2]北京大学教务部,北京100871

出　　处：《高等理科教育》2015年第1期1-13,28,共14页Higher Education of Sciences

摘　　要：文章结合中国高等理科教育的改革与发展,探讨了具有中国特色的"应用理科"的由来与发展演化的历史进程。通过分析"应用理科"的不同类型、专业、专业点和学生人数的变化轨迹与趋势,说明了当前应用理科教育的现状和存在的问题。文章对应用理科的去向进行了预测,并就加强和改革应用理科教学的渠道与原则发表了自己的看法。作者认为,应用理科中相当大的一部分将逐渐演化为工农医管等实用技术学科,其中一部分将继续以"应用理科"名义保留在"理科"专业门类里,它们主要是"基础理科"中一些侧重于应用的学科和新兴的复合交叉学科。这些学科的"应用"与"基础"的界限并不清晰。师范理科也属此类。文章认为,应用理科应大体按照工农医等实际工作者的培养模式进行教学,但也必须照顾到"理科"特点。为此,提高应用理科教学质量的主要原则应是"夯实基础,加强实践"。Combined with the reform and development of Chinese higher science education,the paper explores the origin and evolution of the ＂ Applied Science＂ with Chinese characteristics. Through analyzing the change track and trend of ＂ Applied Science ＂ from different types, professions, and numbers of students,the paper illustrates the current situation and problems in applied science education. The paper predicts the development direction of applied science,and makes comment on the channel and principle for strengthening and reforming applied science. The author thinks that the most part of applied science gradually evolves practical and technical subjects such as technology,agriculture,and medical and management science,etc. A part of them continually left in ＂ Science＂ profession in the name of ＂ Applied Science＂,they are mainly the applied discipline and new compound and interdiscipline in ＂ Applied Science＂. The border between ＂ Applied＂ and ＂ Basic＂ disciplines is blurred. Normal science also belongs to this category. The paper thinks that applied science should cultivate the practical talents in technology,agriculture,and medicine,as well the characteristics of ＂ Science＂ should be considered; therefore,the main principle for improving applied science teaching quality is ＂ Solid Foundation,Strengthen Practice＂.

关 键 词：理科教育 应用理科 基础理科 理科特色 专业认证 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]