指纹鉴定人员对现场指印认知能力的研究  

Study on Fingerprint Examiner's Recognition of Fingermarks

作　　者：刘世权[1] 罗亚平[1] 吴剑[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学刑事科学技术学院,北京100038 [2]东北大学理学院,沈阳110819

出　　处：《刑事技术》2015年第1期1-7,共7页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市刑事科学技术研究院现场物证重点实验室开放课题(No.2014XCWZK15)

摘　　要：指纹鉴定主要是解决检材指印与样本指印是否为同一人所遗留问题,其鉴定意见是法定证据形式之一,关系着被检验对象是否有犯罪嫌疑,责任重大。指纹鉴定人员根据指纹鉴定方法与标准,结合从业经验对指印进行分析与比较,并最终给出鉴定意见,在此过程中,对现场指印的分析是否客观及准确,直接影响后续比对检验、综合评断及得出的意见。本文重点针对指纹鉴定人员在指印分析阶段的细节特征选择、信息判断等问题进行研究,邀请106家指纹鉴定机构参加4组指纹的测试,实验使用一款基于网络的指纹鉴定分析系统,记录每个机构在指纹鉴定中的工作过程,并使用统计学R软件对实验数据进行统计与分析。实验结果显示,不同的指纹鉴定机构之间做出判断与评估的准确性存在一定的差异,指纹鉴定人员点取特征的稳定性、选取特征的数量与现场手印质量之间存在显著关联。The interpretation of fingerprint evidence depends on the judgments of fingerprint examiners.Basing on fingerprint identification methods,standards and working experience,fingerprint examiner conducts fingerprint analysis,comparison and finally gives expert opinion which is one of the legal forms of evidence.This study assessed the accuracy of different judgments made by fingerprint examiners following the analysis process.106 agencies were invited to take 4-trail experiment for identification following analysis,comparison and evaluation process.We compared the examiner＇s judgments against ground truth and used a net-work based fingerprint identification analysis platform to evaluate how fingerprint examiners document their analysis during the identification process.The experiment information of each agency was recorded during the fingerprint identification process and data was calculated by statistical software R for statistical analysis.The results showed that different examiners demonstrated different accuracy of judgments and different mechanisms to reach them.The results also showed that there is a strong relationship between minutiae selection reliability and minutiae quantity and fingerprint quality.

关 键 词：指印分析 细节特征 准确性 可靠性 

分 类 号：DF794.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]