稻田实行保护性耕作对水稻产量、土壤理化及生物学性状的影响  

Effects of 8 years of conservational tillage on rice yield and soil physical,chemical and biological properties

作　　者：黄国勤[1] 杨滨娟[1] 王淑彬[1] 黄小洋[1] 张兆飞[1] 姚珍[1] 黄禄星[1] 赵其国[2] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,南昌330045 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第4期1225-1234,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAD89B18-03;2012BAD14B14-01)

摘　　要：在江西双季稻田进行长期田间定位试验,分析了多年保护性耕作对水稻产量、土壤理化性状及生物学性状的影响。连续8a稻田保护性耕作处理的平均产量高于传统耕作4.46%—8.79%,各处理的有效穗数、每穗粒数和结实率均高于对照,而各处理间穗长和千粒重差异不显著。实行稻田保护性耕作处理的土壤容重低于传统耕作3.6%—5.6%,而总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度分别高出传统耕作1.6%—17.4%、2.4%—16.7%。与传统耕作相比,连续8a保护性耕作显著提高了土壤有机质(2.9%—10.0%)、有效磷(4.8%—31.6%)、速效钾(9.7%—25.7%)。在2005年免耕+插秧的土壤真菌数量最多,显著高于对照处理51.6%,免耕+抛秧在2008年达到最大,显著高于对照处理54.1%。2012年免耕+抛秧、免耕+插秧显著高于对照126.1%、121.1%;另外,各处理间过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性均差异不显著。8a间土壤转化酶活性变化范围在0.292—0.451 mg/g之间,其中2005—2007、2012年均是免耕+抛秧达到最大,与对照相比,增加范围为72.7%—137.7%,且差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,实行稻田保护性耕作是适合江南丘陵区双季稻区农业可持续发展的有效模式之一,其中免耕+抛秧和免耕+插秧两种方式效果最为显著。Conservation tillage is a key technology in the trend towards sustainable agriculture. The main targets of conservation tillage are to reduce soil erosion and protect the soil and the environment. Conservation tillage can be complemented by the use of a range of other cultivation techniques, including no-till cultivation techniques, the use of straw stubble technology and green covering technology. There are a number of current studies reporting on the effects of different tillage methods on crop yield and soil nutrients. There have been fewer comparisons of the effects of long-term application of conservation tillage on rice yield, soil physical, chemical and biological properties and interannual variability. Through research on trends in rice yield, soil physical and chemical properties and variation of soil biological activity under different tillage methods, this study explores the advantages of long-term application of conservation tillage on rice yield and soil fertility in paddy fields. It provides theoretical support and a sound scientific basis for the rationalization and vigorous promotion of conservation tillage technology in paddy fields. We have comprehensively studied the effects of long-term application of conservation tillage on rice yield, soil fertility and biological activity. The study site is located in the southern hilly region in Jiangxi Province, China. The double-cropping experiment was conducted in a paddy field at Jiangxi Agricultural University between 2005 and 2012. The test comprised a total of four treatments ： （ 1 ） conventional tillage ＋ transplanting （ CT ＋ P）, the traditional farming method ; （2） conservation tillage treatment ： conservation tillage ＋ throwing （CT ＋ T）, the traditional method of plowing and throwing seedlings after flattening; （3） conservation tillage treatment： no- tillage ＋ transplanting （NT ＋ P）, no tillage, with the herbicide applied to stubble before transplanting; （4） conservation tillage treatment： no tillag

关 键 词：长期定位试验 保护性耕作 水稻产量 土壤性状 稻田 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]