四种杀菌剂对食用菌竞争性杂菌及其食用菌菌丝生长的影响  

Effect of Four Fungicides on the Competitive Bacterial Edible Fungus of Mushroom and Mushroom Mycelial Growth

作　　者：冀瑞卿[1] 程国辉[1] 安小亚 张洪浩 刘晓龙[1] 李玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春130118 [2]长白山科学研究院,吉林白山133613

出　　处：《北方园艺》2014年第20期133-137,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(cars24);吉林省科技发展计划资助项目(20130101088JC);吉林农业大学国家级大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(31507)

摘　　要：以4种常见药剂为试材,利用抑菌圈和生长速率2种方法,研究了杀菌剂对食用菌栽培中常见杂菌的抑制效果及对菌丝生长的影响,以筛选出适合食用菌的高效低毒杀菌剂。结果表明：4种药剂对青霉菌丝和孢子都有不同程度的抑制作用,多菌灵（蓝丰）对青霉在400~1 200倍液时抑制圈直径为5.30~5.66cm,且浓度梯度间无显著差异,对菌丝的抑制率随浓度增加而增大,400倍液时的抑制率为13.4%;日本甲托的抑菌圈直径为4.22cm,菌丝抑制率400倍液时为16.8%,杀毒矾的抑菌圈直径为4.10cm,菌丝抑制率400倍液时为17.6%;木霉的孢子萌发阶段对多菌灵（蓝丰）最为敏感,抑菌圈直径为5.44~5.86cm,相互间没有显著差异,对菌丝的抑制率随浓度增加而增大,400倍液抑制率达到最大为57.54%,日本甲托的抑菌圈直径为3.78cm,菌丝抑制率400倍液时为100%,杀毒矾的抑菌圈直径为3.20cm,对菌丝抑制率400倍液时为51.10%;多菌灵2对木霉和青霉的孢子萌发与菌丝生长均没有抑制作用。不同药剂的不同浓度对不同食用菌菌丝的抑制作用不同,因此,应根据不同菌种的生物学特性选择杀菌剂。Taking four mormal fungicides as materials, inhibition zone method and the grown rate method were used, inhibition effects of different fungicides on competive bacterial edible fungi and mushroom mycelial growth were studied, to screening out high efficiency and low toxicity fungicides on competitive fungi. The results showed that fungicides had different inhibition rates on spore sprouting and mycelial growth of Trichoderrna sp. and Penicillium sp. , the inhibition zone diameter were 5.30--5.66 cm when car bendzim （Lanfeng） concentration was 400--1 200 times,and there were not significant difference between concentration gradients, the mycelial inhibition rates increased with the concentration, the mycelial inhibition rate was 13.4~when the concentration was 400 times;the inhibition zone diameter of Thiophanate- methyl was 4. 22 cm, the mycelial inhibition rate was 16. 8% when the concentration was 400 times; the inhibition zone diameter of Sandofan was 4. 10 cm,the mycelial inhibition rate was 17. 6% when the concentration was 400 times. The spores were the most sensitive to Carbendazim （Lanfeng）, the inhibition zone diameters were 5.44-5.86 cm, and there were not significant difference among concentration gradients, the mycelial inhibition rate was 57. 54% when the concentration was 400 times. The inhibition zone diameter of Thiophanate-methyl was 3.78 cm, the mycelial inhibition rate was 100 % when the concentration was 400 times;the inhibition zone diameter of Sandofan was 3. 20 cm,the mycelial inhibition rate was 51. 10%when the concentration was 400 times. Carbendazim 2 had not showed the inhibition effect on spore sprouting and mycelial growth of Trichoderma sp. and Penicilliurn sp.. The inhibition effect was different with different concentration of fungicides on different mushroom myeelial growth; appropriate fungicides should be chosen by different mushroom and pathogenic fungi.

关 键 词：食用菌 多菌灵 竞争性杂菌 杀毒矾 日本甲托(甲基硫菌灵) 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]