低年资护士锐器伤高危因素的调查分析及对策  

Investigation and Analysis of the Risk Factors of Sharp Instrument Injury in Junior Nurses and Countermeasures

作　　者：狄惠苗 杨艳秋[2] 马新翠[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市大兴区人民医院护理部,北京102600 [2]北京市大兴区人民医院感染管理科,北京102600

出　　处：《中外医疗》2014年第16期178-180,共3页China & Foreign Medical Treatment

摘　　要：目的了解低年资护士的锐器伤的高危因素及防护现状,为制定针对性的职业防护措施提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对2012年1月—2013年3月该院工作5年内的护士锐器伤的发生情况进行问卷调查。结果调查的175名低年资护士中80%发生过锐器伤,62.29%的护士表示在为患者进行可能接触到血液或体液的操作时从不戴手套;发生锐器伤的高危环节是掰安瓿、整理使用后的锐器、双手回套针帽、治疗后拔针、操作中未对准或戳穿;75%的护士锐器伤后能够正确处理伤口;污染锐器伤的60人中73.3%的护士在受伤时未戴手套,伤后仅23.33%上报。结论低年资护士自我防护意识淡薄、操作不熟练不规范、安全用具使用不足及上报意识差等是锐器伤的高危因素;加强对低年资护士职业防护及操作的培训,提高自我防护意识及操作能力,提高锐器伤管理意识,完善上报系统,能有效降低锐器伤的发生。Objective To comprehend the risk factors of sharp instrument injury in junior nurses so as to provide a scientific basis for developing targeted occupational preventive measures. Methods The nurses working in hour hospital within 5 years were surveyed from January, 2012 to March, 2013 about the occurrence of sharp instrument injury by a self-designed questionnaire. Results Of the surveyed 175 junior nurses, 80% nurses had sharp instrument injury, 62.29% never wear gloves when they contact with blood and body fluids of the patients; the high risk links of sharp instrument injury are breaking the ampoule, arranging the used sharp instrument, handing the needle cap back, withdrawal of needles after treatment, misalignment or puncture during operation; 75% can appropriately treat the wound; 73.3% nurses did not wear gloves when they were injured by contaminated sharp instrument, and only 23.33% reported after injured. Conclusion The high risk factors of sharp instrument injury in junior nurses are weak consciousness of self-protection, unskilled and non-standard operations, under-use of safety appliance, poor awareness of report and so on. Strengthening the occupational protection and operation training, improving the consciousness of self-protection,operation ability, sharp instrument injury management consciousness, and the report system, can reduce the occurrence of sharp instrument injury effectively.

关 键 词：锐器伤 低年资护士 高危因素 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]