生产条件的政治化与资本主义的生态危机——詹姆斯·奥康纳的资本主义危机论探析  

Politicalization of Productive Condition and Capitalist Ecological Crisis: On James O'Connor's Idea of Capitalist Crisis

作　　者：唐正东[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,南京210023

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2015年第1期5-11,158,共7页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：江苏省社科基金项目(13WTB022)

摘　　要：美国生态学马克思主义者詹姆斯·奥康纳坚持从生产条件危机的角度来分析资本主义的生态危机,在他看来,外在自然界只要以生产条件的形式表现出来,那它就必然处于各种政治力量的角逐之中,就被政治化了。生产条件维度上的这种"政治资本主义"在导致生态危机的同时,也为国家等政治力量干预生态危机提供了可能性;正是在这种干预的过程中,国家与资本等要素之间会建立起更具社会性的、新的协作方式,从而使资本主义向社会主义的转型图景显得更为清晰。奥康纳的这种解读思路是用政治观来压制历史观,其最主要缺陷在于,无法理解政治活动背后历史性社会关系的重要性,因而在根本上无法进入马克思历史唯物主义的理论视域,也解决不了资本的矛盾运动所产生的社会历史问题。James O'Connor,an American Ecological Marxist,tends to study capitalist ecological crisis in the perspective of productive condition crisis. He claims that the external nature,once emerging in form of productive condition,will surely be involved in the competitive relations among political forces,to be policalized in short. This kind of 'Political Capitalism'will lead to ecological crisis although such political forces as states will be likely to intervene in the course of a crisis. It is in this process that a new way to cooperation between a state and such forces as the capital is made possible. This cooperation will be more social and helpful in transforming capitalism to socialism. The shortcoming of O'Connor's interpretation is that he uses political perspective to replace the historical one. As a result,he cannot understand the historical social relations behind the political activities and fails to share Karl Marx's theoretical horizons of Historical Materialism. O'Connor has no idea of solving the social and historical problems triggered by contradictory movement of capital.

关 键 词：生态危机 政治资本主义 国家干预 新社会运动 社会主义 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学] D033.3[政治法律—政治学]