越南语三域八调:语音性质和音法类型  

Vietnamese Tones:How to Classify Them Typologically?

作　　者：朱晓农[1] 阮廷贤[2] 

机构地区：[1]香港科技大学 [2]越南河内国家大学下属外国语大学

出　　处：《民族语文》2014年第6期3-17,共15页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：香港研究资助局GRF16402114;香港科大SBI14HS06

摘　　要：越南语声调曾为一些重要研究提供过例证,所以一直深受国内外学界重视。其语音性质描写得相当详细,但由于其音法学特征和类型学地位一直处于少知、甚至未知状态,所以一直无法进行理性认识和逻辑分类。本文使用六个发音人,详尽描写越南河内音八个声调的基频走向,澄清嘎裂声在问、跌、重三个声调中的作用,论证了两个短调的独立音法学地位,并最终在一个包括45种调型的"普适调型库"中确定了这八个声调的调型:六个长调"平平凹凹升降"分布在三个域中:横声中平/44/、玄声纯低调/22/、锐声高升/35/在常域。两个凹调一个是上域的张声嘎裂凹调/405/,另一个是下域的僵声凹调/202/。还有个降调是下域的嘎裂高降/40/。两个短调/55/和/33/都在常域中。Vietnamese tones have attracted much attention for centuries from worldwide scholars in phonetics and phonology, both synchronic and diachronic. Yet their phonetic properties, phonological features and typological status are still open for clarification. This project collects acoustic data from six Hanoi speakers and describes the eight Vietnamese tones in detail phonetically before phonologically determnining their positions in a universal invetory of 45 tonotypes. There are two Short Tonotypes in the Modal Register, High-Short /55/ and Low-Short/33/, and six Long Tonotypes distributed in three registers. In the Normal Register are two level tones and a rising tone： the Mid-Level/44/, the Pure Low tone/22/, and the High-Rising/35/. Two dipping tones exist in Vietnamese, one, the Fortis-Creaky-Dipping/405L in the Upper Register and the other, the Stiff-Dipping/202/, in the Lower Register. The last is a High-Falling/40/in the Lower Register with creak at the tonal-tail.

关 键 词：越南语 性质 语音 声调 类型学 特征和 发音人 调型 

分 类 号：H44[语言文字]