透明质酸生物合成途径及基因工程研究进展  

Advance in Research on HA Biosynthesis and Gene Engineering

作　　者：蒋延超[1] 蒋世云[1] 傅凤鸣[1] 黄凯[1] 康星欣 徐丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西科技大学生物与化学工程学院,柳州545006

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2015年第1期104-110,共7页China Biotechnology

基　　金：广西自然科学基金资助项目(2013GXNSFAA019168)

摘　　要：透明质酸是由N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成的双糖单位聚合而成的直链酸性黏多糖,已被广泛应用于药物、化妆品和食品添加剂。微生物发酵法是目前生产透明质酸最有效的方法。生物体内透明质酸的合成途径基本一致,均为Leloir途径。透明质酸合成操纵子由透明质酸合酶基因、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶基因和尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因组成,其表达受Cov S/CovR和Lux S等多种调控系统调控。随着分子生物学技术的迅速发展以及对透明质酸合成相关基因了解的不断深入,人们从提高透明质酸安全性、提高透明质酸产量和调控透明质酸分子质量三个方面出发,通过基因工程手段构建出了高产、安全、一定分子质量范围的透明质酸生产菌株。就有关透明质酸生物合成途径、合成相关基因表达调控及生产菌株分子生物学改造的策略与研究进展进行综述和展望。Hyaluronic acid is a mucopolysaccharide composed of disaccharides unit of N-acetyl glucosamine and glucuronic acid polymerization. Now it has been widely used in medicine,cosmetics and food additives.Microbial fermentation is the most effective way to the current production of hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid synthesis methods were Leloir way in organisms. Hyaluronic acid synthesis operon composed by hyaluronan synthase gene,UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene,it’s expression is regulated by the Cov S / CovR and Lux S,etc contro systeml. With the rapid development of molecular biology technology and the deepening of the understanding of HA synthesis related genes,from improve safety,increase production and regulation HA weight three aspects,people through genetic engineering means to build a high yield,security,a range of molecular weight of hyaluronic acid producing strains. Hyaluronic acid biosynthesis pathway,related gene expression regulation and production strain molecular biology transformation strategy and the research progress were summarized and prospected.

关 键 词：透明质酸 分子生物学 基因工程 生物合成途径 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]