新疆现代红枣栽培模式研究  

Modern Cultivated Mode of Chinese Jujube in Xinjiang

作　　者：周丽[1] 王长柱[2] 李新岗[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/国家枣工程技术研究中心,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2015年第2期139-143,共5页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑课题(2013BAD20B03)

摘　　要：新疆红枣产区光热资源充足、地势平坦,适合机械化耕作,是我国红枣的最佳优生区。为了更好地服务新疆红枣产业,提高产业发展水平和质量,研究调查了南疆和东疆红枣主产区的主栽品种、栽培模式和产量效益等情况。结果表明,宽行密植和宽行栽培模式,效益显著,适合机械化管理。利用1993-2012年气象资料,研究了新疆枣区的优生区地位,提出了新疆红枣优生区的判别指标,即年平均温度、生长季≥10℃的积温、无霜期、6-10月日照时数和日照百分率等5项指标。结合现代果业发展趋势和新疆枣区的特点,研究提出了建立现代红枣栽培模式,即宽行密植或宽行栽培模式,强调以优生区和主栽品种为基础,完善枣园基础保障设施和机械化配套设施,提升亩产值1万元的栽培模式,实现新疆红枣的优质高效安全生产。Xinjiang,with enough solar-thermal resource,terrain flat and suitable for mechanized farming,is the superior production region for Chinese jujube,Ziziphus jujuba.In order to make advice for jujube industry and promote its development level and quality,the main cultivars,cultivated modes and production benefit were investigated in this paper.The results indicated that wide row close planting and wide row planting,with remarkable economic benefit,were suitable for mechanization management.Meanwhile,the status of superior production region for Xinjiang jujube was analyzed based on the meteorological data from 1993 to 2012.The standard index for the superior production region were the annual average temperature,accumulated temperature of≥10℃,frost-free period,sunshine duration and percentage of sunshine from June to October.In combination with the developing trend of modern fruit industry and the characteristics of jujube in Xinjiang area,the modern cultivated mode,namely wide row close planting or wide row planting was put forward.It emphasized the importance of establishing basic facilities and mechanization supporting facilities based on conducting the the production in optimal region and planting dominant varieties.The cultivated mode of 150 thousand yuan RMB per hectare would be extended and to achieve high quality,efficient and safety production of jujube eventually.

关 键 词：红枣 栽培模式 新疆 优生区 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]