喷雾干燥法中溶剂对RDX颗粒形貌和性能的影响  

Effect of Solvent on the Morphology and Properties of RDX Prepared by the Spray Drying Method

作　　者：王江[1] 李小东[1] 王晶禹[1] 安崇伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中北大学化工与环境学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《含能材料》2015年第3期238-242,共5页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国防基础产品创新计划火炸药科研专项

摘　　要：采用喷雾干燥法制备微米级球形黑索今（RDX）。研究了乙酸甲酯、乙腈、丙酮、丁酮4种低沸点溶剂对制备的RDX颗粒形貌和性能的影响。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析了所得RDX颗粒的形貌和热分解特性,并测试了其撞击感度。结果表明：喷雾干燥法制备的RDX粒径为1-5m,其中以丁酮为溶剂喷雾干燥制备的RDX颗粒形貌最好,颗粒形状均为球形,分μ散均匀,颗粒表面光滑并且缺陷较少;与原料RDX相比,喷雾干燥法制备的RDX颗粒的撞击感度均明显降低,特性落高较原料RDX提高了2倍以上;热分析结果表明,喷雾干燥法制备的球形RDX热分解的表观活化能（E）和热爆炸临界温度（Tb）均有所降低,其中以乙酸甲酯为溶剂喷雾干燥制备的RDX的E和Tb分别降低了33.35kJ·mol^-1和7.77℃。The spherical micron RDX particles were prepared by the spray drying method.The effects of four low-boiling solvents,including methyl acetate,acetonitrile,acetone,butanone,on morphology and properties of RDX samples were studied.Scanning Electron Microscope（SEM）was employed to characterize the samples.The impact sensitivity and thermal decomposition properties of the samples were also measured and analyzed.Results show that the as-prepared RDX particles are all spherical in shape and range from1mμto 5m in size.The RDX particles from butanone disperse evenly and have a relatively smoother surface and fewer defects.Comparedμwith that of raw RDX,the impact sensitivity of as-prepared RDX samples are all decreased obviously due to the facts that the drop height is about 2 times of raw RDX.For the spherical RDX prepared by the spray drying method,the apparent activation energy of thermal decomposition（E）and the thermal explosion critical temperature（Tb）decreases.The RDX particles from methyl acetate decreases 33.35 kJ·mol^-1 and 7.77 ℃.

关 键 词：喷雾干燥 球形黑索今(RDX) 撞击感度 热分析 

分 类 号：TQ560.1[化学工程—炸药化工]