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作 者:白明学[1] 阿古拉[1] 徐爱菊[1] 照日格图[1]
机构地区:[1]内蒙古师范大学化学与环境科学学院,内蒙古自治区绿色催化重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010022
出 处:《工业催化》2015年第1期1-7,共7页Industrial Catalysis
基 金:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)前期研究项目(2014CB460609);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2012MS0219);内蒙古师范大学科研基金项目(2013ZRYB24)
摘 要:丙烷氧化脱氢反应不受热力学平衡限制,焓变小于零,为放热反应,可节省能源。但氧化脱氢制丙烯因为有O2存在,导致丙烷和丙烯深度氧化,使丙烯选择性下降。可通过以下途径改进:(1)通过添加助剂或改变活性组分限制丙烯的深度氧化;(2)改变反应气氛,用氧化性较弱的氧化剂(如CO2和N2O等)代替O2。近年来,在低碳烷烃脱氢领域以CO2为氧化剂的研究较多,CO2可以避免深度氧化。综述在丙烷氧化脱氢反应中通过引入CO2,将丙烷直接脱氢反应与逆水煤气反应进行偶合,打破了丙烷直接脱氢反应平衡,消除积炭,提高催化剂稳定性,推动反应向生成丙烯的方向进行,丙烯收率提高;在低温(<270℃)区域,副反应可提高丙烷CO2氧化脱氢反应的丙烯平衡收率,丙烷二氧化碳脱氢反应的催化剂体系主要包括铬系催化剂、镓系催化剂、钒系催化剂及其他催化剂。Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane can save energy because it is not bruited by thermodynamic equilibrium and its enthalpy change is below zero. In the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene, however, the deep oxidation of propane and propylene occured, which resulted in the decrease of the selectivity to propylene. The improving ways are as follows : ( 1 ) the deep oxidation of propylene is limited by adding additives or changing the active components; (2) the reaction atmosphere is changed by replacing O2 with weak oxidants, such as CO2 and N2O. In recent years, in studying light paraffin dehydrogenation with CO2 as oxidizing agent, CO2 is found to be superior in avoiding deep oxidation. CO2 prompting oxidative dehydrogenation of propane coupled with reverse water gas shift reaction was summarized. The balance of propane direct dehydrogenation was broken, carbon deposit was eliminated, the stability of the catalyst was improved, the reaction to produce propylene was promoted and propylene yield was enhanced. The side reaction could increase the equilibrium yield of propylene at low temperature range(〈270℃). The catalyst systems for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane using CO2 as the oxidant included chromium catalysts, gallium Catalysts, vanadium catalysts and so on.
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