释“一日三秋”之“秋”  

Meaning of “qiu”in the Idiom “yi ri san qiu”

作　　者：林忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆邮电大学外国语学院,重庆400065

出　　处：《重庆邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第2期133-136,共4页Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目:介词结构漂移的句法语义接口研究(13XYY018)

摘　　要：词语释义既要考证其来源,又要看其发展。"秋"在《诗经·采葛》"一日不见,如三秋兮"中只能解释为"秋季(三个月)",但是语言是变化发展的,在现代汉语中,成语"一日三秋"的"秋"解释为"年"也是符合语言发展规律的。该发展过程经历了两次转喻:由"谷物成熟"转喻为"谷物成熟的时间、季节",即"秋季";再由"秋季(三个月)"转喻为"年"。前者属于"事件时间参照点"转喻,后者属于"部分时间与整体时间"转喻。最后,文章提出成语理解应该遵守古今演变原则和内涵意义为中心的原则。The meaning of words should be related to their origin,as well as to their development.The word “qiu”in shi jing·cai ge can be only explained as “autumn/three months”.But the word “qiu”in “yi ri san qiu”in Modern Chi-nese can be explained as “year”,which is also consistent with the evolutionary laws of languages.The semantics devel-oped through two metonymical change：one is event-time,and the other is part-whole time.For understanding idioms,the paper concludes with two principles of evolution and connotation-centeredness.

关 键 词：秋 语义演变 内涵意义 转喻 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语] H131