情绪效价和唤醒对熟悉性和回想的不同影响  

Different Effects of Valence and Arousal on Familiarity and Recollection

作　　者：徐慧芳[1] 张钦[1] 郭春彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学教育学院心理系,北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室,北京100037

出　　处：《心理科学》2015年第2期263-269,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271078,31470980);北京市教委科技计划重点项目(KZ201410028034)的资助

摘　　要：本研究检验了情绪的效价和唤醒对记忆提取阶段熟悉性过程和回想过程的影响及其心理机制。结果发现,编码阶段无分心任务时,积极图片的高、低自信再认准确率均高于消极图片,而唤醒对于高自信再认准确率的影响只限于消极图片;在编码阶段设置分心任务时,发现积极和消极的高唤醒图片的高自信再认准确率显著高于低唤醒图片。这些结果说明情绪的效价影响了熟悉性和回想两类记忆过程,而唤醒只影响回想过程,效价效应是编码阶段被试调用认知资源对积极图片进行精细加工的结果,而唤醒对回想过程的影响是自动编码高唤醒刺激细节的结果。Memory retrieval involves two processes： familiarity （indexed by low self-confidence recognition） and recollection （indexed by high selfconfidence recognition）. It is unclear which memory process is impacted by emotion that leads to a widespread emotional memory enhancement phenomenon. Previous studies have found that negative or positive stimuli can activate cognitive resources involved in encoding to improve memory, and arousal stimuli can activate the connection between amygdala and sensory brain areas, which leads to recollection of more details. Therefore, we speculated that the valence and arousal of emotion may have different impacts on different memory process. Valence may impact familiarity and recollection by activating sufficient cognitive resources in encoding, but this effect would be adjusted by the amount of cognitive resources; whereas arousal may affect recollection automatically, not restricted by the amount of cognitive resources. Therefore, in Experiment 1, we manipulated valence and arousal separately through orthogonal design to examine their effects on different memory processes under sufficient cognitive resources condition, and, in Experiment2, we added a secondary task in the encoding stage to manipulate the amount of cognitive resources for encoding to examine the cognitive mechanisms underlying the emotional effect on memory process. A total of 86 subjects participated in the experiments, with 56 in Experiment 1 and 30 in Experiment 2. 432 emotional pictures were selected from IAPS and were divided into five categories： negative low arousal, negative high arousal, positive low arousal, positive high arousal and neutral. There were 144 neutral images and 72 pictures in each subsets. Half pictures of each emotional subset were old items and half were new, balanced across subjects. In order to meet the requirements of orthogonal design, only the data of emotional pictures were analyzed to ensure that there was no difference in arousal values between positive and negative pict

关 键 词：效价 唤醒 熟悉性 回想 认知资源 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]