毒品成瘾者情绪加工及应对方式的特点：基于负性情绪的视角  

Characteristics of Drug Addicts in Emotional Processing and Coping Style: Based on Negative Emotions

作　　者：杨玲[1] 马丽[1] 赵鑫[1] 张更生[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学心理学院,行为康复训练研究中心,兰州730070

出　　处：《心理科学》2015年第2期482-489,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360233,31300838);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(13YJC190032);西北师范大学青年教师科研能力提升计划(SKQNYB12009)的资助

摘　　要：负性情绪是导致个体毒品成瘾及复吸的主要心理因素。毒品成瘾者在情绪加工过程中会夸大负性刺激,产生负性化偏向,提高负性情绪的唤醒度,最终导致其产生更多负性情绪体验。而当毒品成瘾者体验到诸如焦虑、抑郁、压力等负性情绪时,他们却更倾向于使用毒品来缓解或逃避负性情绪带来的不愉快体验。研究表明,毒品成瘾者这种负性情绪加工异常的根本原因在于长期毒品滥用所导致的个体大脑情绪回路相关脑区的受损,如杏仁核、海马、额叶等。未来研究应更进一步探讨成瘾者负性情绪加工与毒品成瘾之间的关系;并对戒断者在负性情绪加工能力的恢复方面做进一步探索,开展更多的关于如何改善成瘾者及戒断者对负性情绪应对方式的研究,从而更为有效抑制个体对毒品形成的心理依赖及强迫的药物渴求行为。Many reasons can lead people to use drugs, such as high sensation seeking, physical symptoms, social stress, and negative emotion. A lot of research found that negative emotion is the main psychological factor that caused individuals to be addicted to drugs, because negative emotion can enhance an individual＇s impulsiveness. This paper will discuss how drug addicts process negative emotions and what kind of ways they use to deal with it, and it will reveal the relationship between negative emotion and the behaviors of drug addiction and relapse. Firstly, there are some differences between drug addicts and healthy people in the processing of negative emotion. For example, drug addicts may exaggerate the negative stimuli, or generate negative biases that enhance the arousal of negative emotion. The euphoria and mental satisfaction and other positive feelings that they experience during the use of drugs can help them to alleviate or get rid of negative emotional states. These characteristics of negative emotion processing make drug addicts produce more negative emotional experience. Secondly, when drug addicts experience some negative emotions, they tend to use drugs to escape these unpleasant experiences. Researchers used Event-related Potentials （ERP） and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging （fMRI） to research the neural mechanism of negative emotion processing of drug addicts. The results suggest that when the addicts are processing negative emotions, their brain emotion circuit involves major brain regions including the amygdala, frontal cortex, and hippocampus, etc. The damage of these brain regions is the physiological basis of individual＇s cognitive impairment and emotion regulation, thus causing the addicts to have abnormal emotional experience. From all of the above, individuals＇ abnormal negative emotion processing and coping styles led them to use drugs. The reason of this phenomenon may be due to their chronic use of drugs, it results in the damage of the brain areas which involves negativ

关 键 词：毒品成瘾 负性情绪 情绪加工 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]