韩城市青少年近视眼患病率及其相关因素分析  

Prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors in youth in Hancheng City

作　　者：杨琳娟[1] 张小玲[1] 郝杨[1] 赵亚玲[2] 吴捷[1] 史强[1] 胡晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院眼科,陕西西安710061 [2]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2015年第1期22-25,共4页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

摘　　要：目的探讨青少年人群近视眼患病率及其相关因素,为青少年近视眼的预防和控制提供思路。方法采用随机分层整群抽样的方法,对陕西省韩城市城区小学、初中、高中共3所学校6~19岁的1 514名学生进行问卷调查及眼科相关检查。结果韩城市城区小学生近视眼患病率为33.5%,初中生为68.3%,高中生为74.1%。随着学龄增长,近视眼患病率呈增长趋势(趋x^2=182.39,P<0.001);男生近视眼患病率为51.9%,女生为57.7%,男女生近视眼患病率的差别有统计学意义(x^2=4.81,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示:女性(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.33~1.58,P=0.046),年龄增长(OR=8.68,95%CI:5.37~14.04,P<0.001),每天课后做作业时间较长(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.04~1.89,P=0.025),父亲有高度近视眼病史(OR=4.21,95%CI:1.64~10.80,P=0.003),母亲有高度近视眼病史(OR=8.38,95%CI:1.75~40.11,P=0.008)是近视眼患病的危险因素,而每天户外活动时间较长则对近视眼患病具有保护作用(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.46~0.89,P=0.007)。结论从小学到高中,随着学龄的增加,青少年近视眼患病率呈增高的趋势,女生近视眼患病率高于男生。提高学习效率、避免长时间近距离用眼、增加户外活动时间等是预防、控制青少年近视眼发生与发展的有效措施。Objective To explore the prevalence and possible influencing factors of youth myopia, so as to provide new approaches for the prevention and treatment of myopia in youth. Methods Random cluster sampling method was used to conduct cross-sectional study among students aged 6-19 years from primary school, junior middle school and high school in Hancheng City. Ophthalmologic examinations were performed for them. Results The prevalence of myopia was 33.5% , 68.3% and 74. 1% among students from primary school, junior middle school and high school, respectively. With the increase of school age, the prevalence of myopia showed an increasing trend （χ^2 = 182.39 ,P 〈 0. 001 ）. The prevalence of myopia was 51.9% in males and 57.7% in females with significant difference （χ^2 = 4.81, P 〈 0.05 ）. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that female （ OR = 1.21,95 % CI： 1.33 - 1.58, P = 0. 046）, age increase （ OR = 8.68, 95% CI： 5.37 - 14.04,P 〈 0. 001 ）, long time on near work （ OR = 1.40,95% CI： 1.04 - 1.89, P = 0. 025 ）, father＇ s history of high myopia （ OR = 4.21,95 % CI： 1.64 - 10.80, P = 0. 003 ）, mother＇ s history of high myopia （ OR = 8.38,95% CI： 1.75 - 40.11, P = 0.008） were the risk factors of myopic, but more time for outdoor activities （OR = 0.64,95% CI： 0. 46 -0.89, P = 0. 007 ） was a protective factor of myopic. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia is increasing with age. Girls have higher prevalence of myopia than boys. Improving learning efficiency, avoiding long time on near work, and increasing outdoor activity time are effective measures for preventing and controlling myopia in youth.

关 键 词：青少年 近视眼 患病率 影响因素 

分 类 号：R729[医药卫生—儿科]