澳门学龄前儿童挑食偏食行为及家庭影响因素  

Picky eating and its family influencing factors of preschool children in Macao

作　　者：陆姣[1] 张彦君 

机构地区：[1]澳门科技大学健康科学学院,澳门999078 [2]澳门特别行政区教育暨青年局

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第1期20-22,26,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解澳门学龄前儿童挑食偏食行为及家庭背景和家庭教育行为的影响,为学龄前儿童的饮食健康教育提供参考依据。方法根据澳门特别行政区教育暨青年局所记录的学校及学生人数,选取澳门7所幼儿园1 229名3-6岁学龄前儿童,通过问卷调查收集数据,应用SPSS 17.0对数据进行整理分析。结果澳门3-6岁学龄前儿童进餐规律较好,能定时、定点、定量吃饭者占71.4%;70%以上的儿童能保证每日都进食水果蔬菜,但有47.3%的儿童会挑食偏食;超过70%的儿童喜欢吃零食,主要为糖果（69.8%）,味道好是孩子喜爱零食、含糖饮料和西式快餐的主要原因（63.7%）。88.3%的家长常在吃饭时对孩子进行饮食教育,92.8%的家长会引导孩子均衡饮食,91.5%的家长会赞赏孩子的良好饮食行为,但56.0%的家长会强迫孩子进食。家长对学龄前儿童的偏食挑食行为有很大的影响,家长强迫进食是导致孩子偏食挑食的主要家庭因素（B=0.78,P=0.00）;当孩子的主要照顾者为父母（F=3.8,P〈0.05）且父母的社会经济地位较高（F=3.1,P〈0.05）时,孩子的挑食偏食行为就越少。结论父母应承担起照顾儿童日常饮食的责任,以身作则并以鼓励而非强迫的方式引导孩子正确饮食,减少幼童的偏食挑食行为。Objective To investigate the current status of Picky eating among preschool children and the family influencing factors in Macao,which might provide scientific basis for eating health education.Methods All the 1 229 preschool children aged3-6 years old were selected from seven kindergartens in Macao.Data were collected by questionnaire survey and analyzed by SPSS17.0.Results Children eating regularity was quite good with a fixed quantity,at a fixed location and scheduled meal time（71.4%）.In general,daily fruits and vegetables consumption was guaranteed by children（70%）,but 47.3% of the children had Picky eating behavior when they eat food.Most of the children like eating snacks（70%）,mainly for candy.Deliciousness was the primary food factor for the snacks,sweetened beverages and fast foods of children.Parents would like to do dietary education when children were eating food（88.3%）,parents would like to guide their children have a balanced diet（92.8%） and praise the children＇ s good eating behaviors（91.5%） also.However,56.0% of parents would like to force their children to eat food.The forced behavior of parents（B = 0.78,P = 0.00） was the main family factor for bias practices of children.Besides,the children will have a better eating habit if their parents take care of the children（F = 3.8,P〈0.05） and their parents with higher socioeconomic status（F= 3.1,P〈0.05）.Conclusion Parents should take the responsibility for daily diet of their young children,setting a good example,and guiding children to cultivate healthy dietary habits by encouragement rather than coercion.

关 键 词：儿童 学龄前 偏食 饮食习惯 回归分析 

分 类 号：R155.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R195.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]