淀粉基生物可降解薄膜的沼气发酵特性研究  

Biogas Production Characteristics of Biodegradable Starch Films

作　　者：马欢[1] 薛娟[1] 刘萍[2] 刘伟伟[3,4] 程备久[1] 朱苏文[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学生命科学学院,合肥230036 [2]莱斯大学生物工程学院,休斯敦tx77030 [3]安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036 [4]中国科学院等离子体物理研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第3期180-185,253,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：农业部科技重大专项资助项目(2011ZX08003-002);安徽省高校省级自然科学研究资助项目(KJ2014A073)

摘　　要：分别以高直链玉米淀粉和普通玉米淀粉为模式原料,与聚乙烯醇(PVA)及甘油共混制备了2种淀粉基生物可降解薄膜。通过厌氧发酵实验,考察并比较了2种淀粉薄膜的沼气发酵过程、发酵潜力、能源转化效率以及膜结构形貌的变化特征。结果表明:普通玉米淀粉薄膜和高直链玉米淀粉薄膜均具有良好的生物降解性能,2种薄膜的厌氧生物降解率和沼气发酵潜力均相当;然而,高直链淀粉薄膜的结构和成分更有利于沼气发酵的进行,其发酵过程比普通淀粉薄膜更加平稳,能够有效减少发酵罐的酸化并缩短发酵周期,同时具有更高的能源转化效率。此外,综合农用薄膜年产量和淀粉基薄膜的产气率,若用高直链淀粉或普通淀粉薄膜替代普通农用膜,则经厌氧处理后相应的年产能分别为3.31×105GJ/a和3.18×105GJ/a,可见淀粉基生物可降解薄膜是一种非常有潜力的厌氧发酵原料。Normal maize starch/polyvinyl alcohol starch and high-amylose maize starch were served as modal materials to prepare （PVA） blends, respectively. The processes of anaerobic degradation were investigated in detail by evolutions of gas production, pH value in reactors, the potential of biogas- production, the energy conversion efficiency as well as the changes of film structures and compositions, to further understand the influence of the two native starches on biogas production. The results indicated that both of the films had good biodegradabilities in anaerobic condition and comparative potential of biogas- production. Nonetheless, the structure of high-amylose maize starch/PVA film was more suitable and beneficial to the anaerobic biodegradation than the normal maize starch/PVA film, because it could effectively avoid accumulation of volatile fatty acids, which contributed to the stable biogas production, short fermentation period, non-souring in the reactor and higher energy conversion efficiency. Based on the agricultural film yield per year and biogas production of starch film, the corresponding energy production of high-amylose maize starch/PVA film and normal maize starch/PVA film were 3.31 ×10^5 GJ/a and 3.18 ×10^5 GJ/a, respectively. It suggested that the starch film is a potential material for anaerobic digestion.

关 键 词：玉米淀粉 可降解薄膜 沼气发酵 结构表征 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X71[农业科学—农业工程]