利用基因工程技术提高微藻油脂含量的研究进展  

Research Advances of Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Improving Lipid Production

作　　者：李逸[1] 王潮岗[1] 胡章立[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学生命科学学院深圳市海洋生物资源与生态环境重点实验室,深圳518060

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2015年第3期70-81,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41176106;31000162和31070323);深圳市科技计划项目(CXB201104210005A;JCYJ201206131125-12654;JSGG20130411160539208)

摘　　要：利用微藻油脂制备生物柴油因具有重要的战略意义而受到世界各国的重视,成为近年来的研究热点。利用微藻制备生物柴油具有生长周期短、易于大规模培养、能大量吸收CO2及不占用耕地等优点。但是,由于对藻类油脂合成代谢中的调节机制了解不多,导致微藻基因组研究相对滞后,极大地限制了微藻生物能源的大规模开发和利用。随着现代生物技术的发展,通过基因工程、代谢工程等方法调控微藻脂类的合成代谢,提高藻类含油量和生物量已成为可能。概述了微藻中油脂的合成代谢,归纳总结利用基因工程技术提高微藻油脂含量的研究进展,为获得含油量高的工程微藻及微藻制备生物柴油提供技术储备。In recent years, microalgae oil biodiesel has become a hot spot because of its strategic importance. Microalgae are a promising feedstock for biodiesel due to their short growth cycle, easy to mass culture, ability to absorb CO2 and no taking farmland, etc. However, largescale development and utilization of microalgae biomass energy is limited by less knowledge about metabolic mechanisms of lipid synthesis and lagging research of genome in microalgae. With the development of modern biotechnology, improving lipid content and biomass of microalgae may achieve through genetic engineering and metabolic engineering methods. This review describes recent efforts to metabolic mechanisms on lipid biosynthesis and genetic engineering techniques on increasing lipid content, which provide technical reserves for attaining high lipid transgenic microalgae and producing microalgae biodiesel.

关 键 词：微藻 基因工程 生物柴油 油脂 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]