不同提取方法对黄参籽精油化学组成、得率、颜色状态以及气味的影响  

Effects of Different Extraction Methods on the Chemical Composition,Yield,Color,Status and Odor of the Essential Oil from S. gracilis Seeds

作　　者：高春燕[1] 田呈瑞[2] 卢跃红[3] 

机构地区：[1]大理学院公共卫生学院,大理671000 [2]陕西师范大学食品工程与营养科学学院,西安710062 [3]大理学院农学与生物科学学院,大理6710003

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2015年第3期66-70,共5页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

摘　　要：采用水蒸气蒸馏、超临界CO2流体萃取和固相微萃取提取了黄参籽精油,并采用GC-MS对精油的化学组成进行了分析。同时,研究了不同提取方法对黄参籽精油化学组成、得率、颜色状态以及气味的影响。此外,采用扫描电镜研究了不同提取方法对黄参籽超微结构的影响。结果显示,水蒸气蒸馏提取黄参籽精油主要成分为对伞花烃、γ-松油烯和α-细辛醚,精油得率较低,呈无色透明液体,具有强烈刺激性气味;超临界CO2流体萃取黄参籽精油主要成分为对伞花烃、γ-松油烯和α-细辛醚,精油得率较高,呈淡黄色透明液体,具较柔和刺激性气味;固相微萃取黄参籽精油主要成分为β-蒎烯、对伞花烃和γ-松油烯;水蒸气蒸馏和超临界CO2流体萃取对黄参籽超微结构影响显著,组织结构均受到一定程度的破坏,而固相微萃取对黄参籽超微结构无明显的影响。The essential oil from S. gracilis seeds has been extracted by steam distillation,supercritical carbon dioxide and solid- phase microextraction. The chemical composition of oil has been analyzed by GC- MS. Meanwhile,the effects of different extraction methods on the chemical composition,yield,color,status and odor of the essential oil from S. gracilis seeds have been studied. Additionally,the effects of different extraction methods on the ultrastructure of S. gracilis seeds have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy（ SEM）. The results showed that the essential oil obtained by steam distillation was colorless,pungent,lower yield,and the main constituents were p- cymene,γ- terpinene and α- asarone. The essential oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide was light yellow,lightly seasoned,higher yield and the major components were p- cymene,γ- terpinene and α- asarone.The main constituents of the essential oil extracted by solid- phase micro- extraction were β- pinene,p- cymene and γ- terpinene. The ultrastructure of the S. gracilis seed treated by steam distillation and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was greatly damaged. However,no significant destroy was observed on the S. gracilis seed treated by solid- phase micro- extraction.

关 键 词：提取 黄参籽 精油 超微结构 

分 类 号：Q946[生物学—植物学]