番茄花萼在蕾期至果实红熟期的发育形态学及其多样性研究  

Development and Diversity of Calyx Morphology from Bud Stage to Fruit Maturity in Tomato

作　　者：刘婧仪 杨建华[1] 秦蕾[1] 李翠[1] 梁燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/农业部西北园艺植物种质资源与遗传改良实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2015年第2期300-306,共7页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2011KTCL02-03)

摘　　要：萼片是番茄花和果实的重要组成部分,影响着果实的商品性。本试验以40份不同类型番茄为材料,对萼片发育过程、形态描述指标及形态多样性进行研究。结果表明,番茄萼片属于宿萼,其形态随着花和果实的发育而变化,表现为闭合、微开、展开、收合、微开、变形到定形,定形萼片呈现包被、基平、上翘、直立和上卷5种状态;对定形萼片7个形态性状观测表明,变异系数由大到小依次为萼片卷曲度(84.43%)、萼片面积(45.54%)、上翘度(40.93%)、形状系数(36.05%)、萼片长(35.02%)、萼片厚(29.46%)和萼片宽(24.61%)。相关性分析表明,萼片长、萼片宽、萼片厚和萼片面积四者之间均极显著正相关;萼片形状系数(萼片长/萼片宽)与萼片长极显著正相关,而与萼片宽无显著相关关系;萼片卷曲度和上翘度之间极显著正相关,而与其他5个性状没有显著相关关系。主成分分析表明,由萼片长、萼片宽、萼片厚和萼片面积代表的大小性状(PC1),由形状系数代表的形状性状(PC2),以及由卷曲度和上翘度代表的形态性状(PC3)3个主成分对萼片形态变异的累计贡献率达87.50%;用形态性状指标对定形的5种类型萼片形态进行了描述。Sepal is an important part of flower and fruit in tomato,which affect the commodity quality of fruit.Based on 40 tomato accessions of different types,we investigated the developmental process of sepal,indexes which could describe sepal morphology and diversity of sepal morphology. The results showed that morphology of tomato sepals,which were called persistent calyx,changed during development of flower and fruit. The sepal development process was subdivided into 7 stages： close,slightly open,fully open,close again,open again,morphological change,final morphology. The final morphology divided into five types ： flat spread,upwarp,upright,up-curl and down-wrap. The coefficient of variation of 7 sepal traits were crimpness（ SEC,84. 43%）,surface area（ SESA,45. 54%）,upwarp degree（ SEUD,40. 93%）,shape coefficient（ SESC,36. 05%）,length（ SEL,35. 02%）,thickness（ SET,29. 46%） and width（ SEW,24. 61%） from high to low. Correlation analysis reveald that significantly positive correlation was found among the SEL,SEW,SET and SESA. Significantly positive correlation was showed between SESC（ SEL / SEW） and SEL,but not between SESC and SEW. The correlation between SEC and SEUD was significantly positive,but there were not significant correlations between these 2 traits and other 5 traits.The PCA showed that the first 3 PCs could represent the 7 traits,the cumulative contribution rate of PC1（ size traits）,PC2（ shape traits） and PC3（ morphology traits） added up to 87. 50%. 5 types of sepal morphology were described with the morphological indexes.

关 键 词：番茄 花萼 发育 形态 多样性 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]