苹果、梨、桃和枣4种水果5种重金属含量检测与分析  

Determination and Analysis of 5 Kinds of Heavy Metal Content in Apple,Pear,Peach and Jujube

作　　者：郝变青[1] 马利平[1] 秦曙[1] 王霞[1] 乔雄梧[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与检测研究所,农业部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(太原),山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2015年第3期329-332,336,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农产品质量安全风险评估重大专项(GJFP2014002);山西省科技攻关项目(20130311011-1);山西省自然基金项目(2012011046-4);山西省农业科学院攻关项目(YGG1435)

摘　　要：以GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》为依据,采用原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光度法等检测方法,对山西省中部、南部水果主产区的苹果、梨、桃和枣共70个样品进行了铅、镉、砷、铬和镍5种重金属元素的检测和分析。结果表明,5种重金属铅、镉、砷、铬和镍在苹果中的检出率分别为10%,100%,23.3%,100%和60%,在梨中的检出率分别为20%,0,0,100%和50%,在桃中的检出率分别为20%,100%,30%,100%和90%,在枣中的检出率分别为10%,25%,0,100%和75%;其中,4种水果铅和镉的超标率均为0,5种重金属元素含量由少到多依次为镉<砷<铅<镍<铬。套袋特别是套塑料袋能减少梨重金属的含量;4种水果对重金属的吸附能力也存在一定的差异,梨对重金属的吸附性能最低,桃对重金属的吸附性能最高;靠近公路的苹果样品中重金属的含量较远离公路的样品中重金属含量高,其中对铅含量的影响最大。The content of heavy metals including lead （ Pb ）, eadmimn （ Cd ）, a^enic （ As ）, chromium （Cr） and nickel （ Ni ） was determined and analysed in 70 fruits samples from middle and southern Shanxi province using atomic absorption spectrometry method and atomic fluorescence spectrometry method. The results were evaluated according to GB 2762-2012 limitation of pollutants in food. The results showed that the detection rates of Pb, Cd, As, Cr and Ni were respectively l 0%, 100%, 23.3%, 100% and 60% in apple. The detection rates ofPb, Cd, As, Cr and Ni were respectively 20%, 0, O, 100% and 50% in pear. The detection rates ofPb, Cd, As, Cr and Ni were respectively 20%, 100%, 30%, 100% and 90% in peach. The detection rates of Pb, Cd, As, Cr and Ni were respectively 10%, 25%, 0, 100% and 75% in jujube. No sample in content of Pb and Cd exceeded the standard of GB 2762-2012 among 70 samples. The content of the five elements was ranked in order from lowest to highest was Cd, As, Pb, Ni and Cr. Fruit bag-cover, especial plastic bag, could decrease level of heavy metals in pear. Adsorption capability of heavy metals was the lowest in pear and the highest in peach. The content of heavy metals was higher in samples collected from orchards near to the roads. Where samples were collected had the biggest effect on the content of Pb among the 5 heavy metals.

关 键 词：水果 重金属 质量安全 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]