基于汽车-自行车碰撞事故重建的骑车人动力学响应和损伤研究  

A Study on the Dynamic Response and Injury of Cyclist Based on Car-bicycle Accident Reconstruction

作　　者：聂进[1,2] 杨济匡[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学,汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082 [2]娄底职业技术学院,娄底417000 [3]查尔摩斯理工大学应用力学系,瑞典41296

出　　处：《汽车工程》2015年第2期160-167,共8页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：湖南省科技计划项目(2014SK3213);国家863计划项目(2006AA110101);国家自然科学基金(51205119);湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室自主研究课题(61075004)资助

摘　　要：首先从深入调查的交通事故数据库中挑选出与轿车碰撞的自行车事故案例24例,运用轿车-自行车/骑车人碰撞的多体动力学模型进行了事故重建。然后在此基础上分析了典型碰撞形态下自行车骑车人的动态响应过程和骑车人头部碰撞条件(如头部碰撞速度、碰撞时间和碰撞角度)与车辆碰撞速度的关系,并进一步研究了骑车人身体各部位损伤分布和头部损伤与下肢骨折风险。结果表明:自行车骑车人头部绕转距离(WAD)、碰撞速度、碰撞时间、碰撞角度和骑车人的抛出距离与车辆碰撞速度之间存在较强的相关性;车辆碰撞速度和抛出距离对骑车人损伤有明显影响;骑车人头部AIS 2+、AIS 3+损伤风险和下肢骨折风险与车辆碰撞速度显著相关。Firstly 24 car-bicycle crash accident cases are chosen from traffic accident database built up by in-depth survey to conduct accident reconstruction based on multi-body dynamics model for car-bicycle crash. Then on this base the correlations of the dynamic response process and head impact conditions （ speed, duration and angle of head impact） of cyclist with car impact speed under typical crash pattern are analyzed, and the injury distribution of different parts of cyclist body and the risks of head injury and lower limb fracture are further studied. The results indicate that the head wrap around distance, the speed, duration and angle of impact of cyclist have a rather strong correlation with car impact speed. Car impact speed and throw out distance of cyclists has a great effect on cyclist＇s injury. The risks of head AIS 2＋, head AIS 3＋ injury and lower limb fracture of cyclist have a significant correlation with car impact speed.

关 键 词：事故重建 自行车骑车人 动力学响应 损伤 

分 类 号：U491.31[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]