太湖浮游植物中重金属含量的季节变化特征及湖区差异  

Seasonal variation and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in phytoplankton of different parts of Lake Taihu

作　　者：王颖雪[1,2] 王沛芳[1,2] 王超[1,2] 刘佳佳[1,2] 王睿喆[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室,南京210098 [2]河海大学环境学院,南京210098

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2015年第2期258-265,共8页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(2010CB429006);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-008)联合资助

摘　　要：近年来随着社会经济的发展,排入太湖的污水中重金属含量不断增加,为研究太湖浮游植物中重金属的污染状况,分别于2009年春季(4月)、夏季(7月)和冬季(12月)对太湖不同湖区展开调查,通过HCA聚类分析和Pearson相关分析探讨不同湖区浮游植物中重金属含量的季节变化,并与优势藻种进行CCA分析,对浮游植物重金属与各藻种关系进行初步探讨.结果表明:太湖浮游植物中重金属的含量大小为:Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cr>As>Cd>Hg,其中Zn、Cu、Mn、Pb、Ni的季节变化明显,Zn和Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr之间的相关系数很高且具有同源性.通过对比不同湖区,发现北部梅梁湾的浮游植物重金属含量较高,东太湖和湖心区含量均低于沿岸湖区.CCA分析表明春季重金属与优势藻种呈正相关,而夏季和冬季二者呈负相关.三季中重金属与蓝藻和绿藻的相关性最高,与隐藻的相关性最低.蓝藻中,重金属与铜绿微囊藻的相关性高于水华微囊藻.In recent years, the content of heavy metals in waste water which is discharged into Lake Taihu has been increasing con- tinuously. In order to study the contamination status of heavy metals in phytopiankton of Lake Taihu, investigations were carried out in different parts of the lake in spring（ April）, summer（July） and winter（December）, 2009. During the research, hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） and Pearson correlation analysis were used to discuss the seasonal variation of heavy metals in phytoplanktun in different parts of the lake. Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） with dominant algae was applied to make a preliminary study of the relationship between heavy metals in phytoplanktou and each alga. The results indicated that the sequence of heavy metals content in phytoplankton was Zn 〉 Mn 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Ni 〉 Cr 〉 As 〉 Cd 〉 Hg. Besides, the seasonal variation ofZn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Ni was obvious and there＇s strong dependency between Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr and Zn, which reveals their homology dramatically. By comparing different parts of Lake Taihu, the content of heavy metals in phytoplankton was discovered the highest in the North Bay and the content in east and center of the lake was lower than that in lakeshore district. Based on the CCA results, generally there＇s a positive correlation between heavy metals and dominant algae in spring, while a negative correlation in summer and winter on the contrary. What＇s more, it shows that heavy metals have the highest correlation with Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta and the lowest correlation with Cryptophyta. Among Cyanophyta, heavy metals have a higher correlation with Microcystis aeruginosa than those with Microcystis fins-aquae.

关 键 词：太湖 浮游植物 重金属 CCA 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X524