多环芳烃(PAHs)微生物降解的原位表征方法  

Approaches to In Situ Characterization of Microbial Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)

作　　者：陈松灿[1] 段桂兰[1] 朱永官[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心土壤环境研究室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所,城市环境与健康研究中心重点实验室,厦门361021

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2015年第2期168-177,共10页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(批准号:2014CB441102)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是一类在环境中广泛存在的持久性有机污染物,微生物降解是去除环境中多环芳烃污染的主要途径。传统的有关PAHs微生物降解的研究主要依靠分离培养技术,难以准确认识PAHs微生物降解的原位过程及机制。近年来发展起来的原位表征方法可以在基因及单细胞水平研究PAHs在复杂环境中的微生物降解过程,能够原位表征具有PAHs降解功能的微生物及其功能基因和代谢活性,是阐明PAHs原位降解过程及分子机制的强有力的手段。该文综述了宏基因组技术(meta-genomics)、稳定同位素探针技术(stable isotope probe,SIP)、荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)、拉曼光谱技术(Raman spectra)以及二次离子质谱技术(secondary ion mass spectrometry,SIMS)等原位表征技术在PAHs微生物降解研究领域的应用及其存在的问题和发展趋势等。PAHs微生物降解过程及机制的原位表征将为缓解与修复PAHs污染提供科学基础。Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） are ubiquitous in the natural environment, and most of them are persist in the ecosystem for many years owing to their low aqueous solubility and their absorption to solid particles. Bioremediation through microbial degradation could be an attractive technology for restoration of PAHcontaminated environment. Traditional researches on microbial degradation of PAHs concentrate on pure cultures, which are difficult to accurately recognize in situ process and mechanism of microbial degradation of PAHs. Recently, rapid development of in situ characterization technologies makes it feasible to investigate microbial degradation processes in complex environments, including characterization of functional microorganisms and genes involved in PAHs degradation at genetic and cellular levels. These technologies are powerful tools to promote the understanding of PAHs biodegradation processes and molecular mechanisms. More knowledge on the functions and interactions within microbial communities will optimize our efforts to sustainable decontamination/detoxification of PAHs polluted environments. In this review, we outline the application of current approaches to in situ characterization of PAHs biodegradation, including meta-genomics, stable isotope probe（SIP）, fl uorescence in situ hybridization（FISH）, Raman spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry（SIMS）, and discuss their applications and limitations.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 微生物降解 原位表征方法 宏基因组技术 稳定同位素探针技术 荧光原位杂交技术 拉曼光谱技术 二次离子质谱技术 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]