基于稀有鮈鲫模型研究水环境中纳米银的毒理学效应  

Evaluation of nanosilver-induced toxicity in aquatic environment using the Chinese rare minnow

作　　者：周群芳[1] 孙成[1] 刘伟[2] 江桂斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国检验检疫科学研究院化学食品安全所,北京100176

出　　处：《科学通报》2015年第7期645-653,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB936001);国家自然科学基金(21477153;21137002);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项B(14040302);NSFC-UNEP国际(地区)合作与交流项目(21461142001)资助

摘　　要：纳米银具有优越的抗菌性能,现已被很好地应用于食品工业、医疗卫生、水处理等多个行业中.然而纳米银的生物安全性也同时引起了人们的高度关注.本文采用小型实验鱼类——稀有鮈鲫,探讨了商品化纳米银在水处理推荐使用剂量范围内（1-20 mg/L）的水生毒理学效应.通过24 h急性毒性实验表明纳米银（LC50 12.79 mg/L）毒性效应远远低于银离子（LC50 22μg/L）,尽管银离子与纳米银的生物富集效应并不明显,但它们同样可进入鱼体内,并引起相应靶器官的毒性作用,表现为鳃组织与肝脏表面显微结构的明显损伤效应.由此可见,水体中由于纳米银的应用而导致的潜在生态毒性风险不容忽视.Nanosilver, a popular disinfectant with excellent antibacterial activity, is used in a variety of fields, including the food industry, medical appliance maintenance, and water treatment. Given its widespread use, there is increasing concern regarding the biosafety of nanosilver. We evaluated the toxicity of a nanosilver-based disinfectant at the suggested effective doses for water treatment （1-20 mg/L） using the Chinese rare minnow （Gobiocyprisrarus）. The silver nanoparticles were coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） and dispersed in the water. TEM characterization revealed the particle size was within 10 nm. The hydrodynamic size was -3.76 nm based on measurement of dynamic light scattering. The zeta potential was -5.5 mV and the UV absorbance was weak. High levels of both silver ion and nanosilver exposure were lethal to the fish. The 24-h half lethal concentrations （24 h LC50） were 12.79 mg/L and 22 μg/L for nanosilver and silver ions, respectively, suggesting the toxicity of nanosilver was much lower than that of the silver ion. We conducted a total silver analysis using ICP-MS to evaluate the accumulation and depuration of silver in the exposed fish. Both nanosilver and silver ions were able to enter into fish tissues, the bioaccumulation was not high though. The liver, gill, and intestine contained relatively high levels of silver and the bioaccumulation was in a dose-dependent manner for nanosilver exposure. Silver levels increased slowly with exposure time and decreased rapidly during the depuration period. Silver ions were characterized by a higher bioavailability to the the Chinese rare minnow than nanosilver. The histological observations using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） revealed that both silver ions and nanosilver had obvious deleterious effects on the target tissues, including gill and liver. The ultrastructural alterations of the gill tissues included a fall-off of the flat epithelial cell, disappearance of the surface microridges, and distorted taste buds. Similarly,

关 键 词：纳米银 稀有鮈鲫 毒理学效应 组织损伤 生物富集 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]