柯鲁克湖水化学特征分析  

Hydrochemical characteristics of the Hurleg Lake

作　　者：李皎[1,2] 李明慧[1] 方小敏[1] 吴福莉[1] 孟庆泉[3] 张志国[1] 刘晓明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2015年第1期43-51,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：973项目(2013CB956400);国家自然科学基金项目(41271100)

摘　　要：柯鲁克湖目前是柴达木盆地内唯一的淡水湖。2012年10月采集了柯鲁克湖不同方向的表层湖水,分析了其总溶解固体(TDS)、p H、硬度及化学成分,与入湖河流性质进行对比,探讨了湖水的物质来源及影响因素。柯鲁克湖湖水整体呈弱碱性,属于硬度较高的淡水,湖水类型为Cl-·SO42--Na+·Ca2+型或以O.A.阿列金分类为[Cl]NaⅢ型水。p H值的整体变化较小,TDS及硬度在东西采样方向上变化显著。因降雨量小,湖水成分主要来源于地表河流及地下水输入的岩石风化产物。巴音河为主要入湖河流,河水性质不同于柯鲁克湖,属于HCO3--Ca2+型,造成两者差异的原因在于湖水发生强烈的蒸发-浓缩,湖水中的Ca2+和HCO3-以碳酸盐矿物的形式析出。The Hurleg Lake is located at Delingha sub-basin,NE Qaidam Basin,in an arid areas（37°14′-37°20′N,96°51′-96°57′E）with 11.3 km-length,10.5 km-width and an average depth of 2.94 m. Its catchments area is about12 360.0 km2 with two inflow rivers of Bayin River and Baluogen River and one outflow into Tuosu brackish lake. In the area,annual precipitation is only 176.1 mm but the evaporation ranges from 2 000 to 2 500 mm. It is currently the only freshwater lake in the Qaidam Basin. Fluvial and lacustrine sediments were widespread in the area. This study aims to discuss the main reason of keeping fresh water,hydrochemical characteristics,material sources and effect factors of lake water. Total 30 water sample were collected from the Hurleg Lake in October 2012. All of them were filtrated by 0.22 μm membrane in the field. Water samples were analyzed for TDS,p H by a p H meter of STARTER 3C and a TDSTester 11＋,respectively. The anion concentrations of Cl^-,SO4^2-and NO3^-were analyzed with Dionex ICS-900 and K^＋,Ca^2＋,Na^＋and Mg^2＋with ICP-OES. The contents of Na ranges from 115.8 to 189.7 mg·L^-1with an average of 131 mg·L^-1,while Ca from 55.1 to 64.9 mg·L^-1with an average of 59.8 mg·L^-1,Mg from 47.6 to 71.39 mg·L^-1with an average of 52.1 mg·L^-1,K from 6.5 to 8.8 mg·L^-1with an average of 7.1 mg·L^-1,Cl-from 200.3 to 406.3 mg·L^-1with an average of 300.8 mg·L^-1,and SO42-from 0.08 to 211.5 mg·L^-1with average of 178 mg·L^-1. Thus,the lake water belongs to Cl-·SO4^2-- Na^＋·Ca^2 ＋type or [Cl]NaⅢ type with high hardness. The pH value ranges from 8.03 to8.42 with an average of 8.26. It is almost invariable. The TDS ranges from 785 to 1 150 mg·L^-1with an average of848.33 mg·L^-1. The hardness has a range of 322.448 to 392.917 mg·L^-1with an average of 332.870 mg·L^-1. The values of p H,TDS and hardness increase gradually from west to east and have obvious correlation. The possible reason is the presence and increasing distribution of hydrophytes from east to west. Terna

关 键 词：柯鲁克湖 水化学 主要离子特征 离子来源 

分 类 号：P342[天文地球—水文科学]