官井洋大黄鱼资源的兴衰演变及其修复对策  

Resource status and remediation strategy for large yellow croaker in Guanjingyang Bay

作　　者：张其永[1] 洪万树[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2015年第2期179-186,共8页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：福建省高校产学合作科技重大项目(2012N5011)资助

摘　　要：大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）被誉为＂国鱼＂,曾经是中国四大海洋渔业种类之首。20世纪50~60年代大黄鱼资源丰富,东海区年产量达10×10^4t以上。内湾性官井洋是大黄鱼的主要产卵场之一,其生殖群体有春夏季产卵的春宗和秋季产卵的秋宗生态群体之分。1956~1961年闽东和浙江渔场发展敲罟作业,敲罟禁捕后又大力推广机帆船大围缯和对拖网渔船作业,严重的过度捕捞破坏了官井洋大黄鱼产卵群体资源,致使产卵群体小型化、低龄化和性早熟。当前资源已经衰退枯竭,趋于濒危物种。本文叙述了官井洋大黄鱼地理种群归属、生活史类型、产卵群体的分布洄游以及资源的兴衰演变过程,并提出一些修复官井洋大黄鱼资源的对策,以供海洋渔业界讨论。The large yellow croaker（ Larimichthys crocea）,known as ＂national fish＂,has ranked the first among the four marine fisheries in China. During the 1950 s and 1960 s,the resource of the fish was rich in China＇s sea areas and the annual production exceeded 10 × 10^4 t in the East China Sea. Guanjingyang Bay is one of the major spawning grounds for the large yellow croaker,and the spawning stocks in the Bay include the spring-summer spawning group and autumn spawning group. Overfishing resulting from the development of＂Qiaogu fishing＂（ sound fishing） in 1956-1961 and the extensive application of motorized-purse seine fishing afterwards in the fishing grounds of southern Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces had destroyed the large yellow croaker spawning stock resources,which caused the smaller sizes and precocity of the spawning stocks.The large yellow croaker resource is depleted at present and the species tends to be endangered in the future.The geographic population identification,life historical pattern,migration and distribution of the spawning stocks and the resource status of the large yellow croaker in the Guanjingyang Bay were described,and strategies for the remediation of the large yellow croaker in Guanjingyang Bay were suggested to be discussed among the marine fisheries sector in the paper.

关 键 词：大黄鱼 官井洋 资源兴衰演变 资源修复对策 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]