“词缀少、语缀多”的内涵及其理论意义  

The Trading-off between Cliticization and Affixation and Its Theoretical Implications

作　　者：杨炎华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学文学院,陕西西安710127 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第2期97-108,共12页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：中国社会科学院首批创新工程项目"汉语儿童语法获得与认知发展";陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目"词缀(affix)和语缀(clitic)对现代汉语句法结构的影响"(14JK1688);西北大学科研基金项目"句子中心差异与空主语(pro)现象"(13NW23)

摘　　要：《马氏文通》以降一百多年来,众多语法学家针对汉语语法的特点做出了不懈的探索,提出了许多富有成效的精辟见解。本文对徐杰新近提出的"词缀少,语缀多"做了进一步的阐发,认为这个新的论断真正从词法和句法两个方面点破了汉语语法的核心特点,原来传统上所认为的那些各自平行相互独立的汉语语法特点大都生发于此,大都因此而起,最终也都可以追溯到这一点。合在一起,"词缀少,语缀多"的论断还初步指明了汉语词法与句法究竟是如何接口的,实现了从词法到句法的贯通。总之,"词缀少、语缀多"用一句话六个字,把汉语放置于世界语言变异的范围内,对汉语语法特点做出了新的概括,值得学术界重视。There have been various explorations into the characteristics of Chinese grammar since the publication of Mashi Wentong in 1898.Recently,Xu Jie（2012）characterizes Chinese grammar as a result of the trading-off between cliticization and affixation,that is,fewer affixes and more clitics＂.The present article is a review and a further development of this characterization.It is argued that Xu＇s observation dwells on the essential features of the language by showing that this characteristic is exerting a shaping influence upon syntax and morphology in the language and how the two interface with each other.Thus they are no longer seen as two isolated strata.Furthermore,we can place Chinese against the background of world languages and see how it patterns from a typological perspective.In a word,Xu＇s characterization points to the crux and pivot of Chinese grammar,from which the various observations proposed by other scholars may be derived.

关 键 词：词缀少 语缀多 汉语语法特点 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]