脑动脉肌纤维发育不良五例报告并文献复习  

Cerebrovascular fibromuscular dysplasia： a report of 5 cases and literature review

作　　者：姜春黎[1] 曹勇军[1] 石际俊[1] 肖国栋[1] 李艳艳[1] 徐加平[1] 章春园[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学附属第二医院神经内科,苏州215004

出　　处：《中华神经医学杂志》2015年第3期292-295,共4页Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81471195、81200894）;江苏省自然科学基金（SBK201241136）;苏州市科技发展计划指导项目（SYSD2012083）

摘　　要：目的 探讨5例脑血管肌纤维发育不良患者的临床特点及治疗方法. 方法 收集自2012年1月至2013年4月苏州大学附属第二医院诊断明确的5例脑动脉肌纤维发育不良住院患者的病史资料和影像学检查结果,结合文献回顾性分析其临床表现、影像学特点、治疗及转归情况. 结果 5例患者均发生脑卒中,其中4例以一侧肢体乏力为首发症状,另外1例主要表现为头部胀痛伴恶心呕吐;颅脑CT示蛛网膜下腔出血1例,颅脑MRI发现其余4例额、颞、顶、枕叶及基底节区均存在不同梗死灶;数字减影全脑血管造影（DSA）示所有患者均存在动脉夹层,其中2例为右侧颈内动脉夹层,1例右椎动脉夹层患者合并前交通动脉瘤及右侧颈内动脉C1段、左椎动脉“串珠样”改变,1例双侧椎动脉夹层,1例双侧颈内动脉夹层合并烟雾样血管,2例肾动脉DSA均无阳性发现;1例前交通动脉瘤者行动脉瘤栓塞术,预后较差;其余4例脑梗死患者2例行支架成形术,另2例给予抗血小板聚集治疗,随访1年内均未再发脑卒中事件. 结论 脑动脉肌纤维发育不良是中青年脑卒中的少见病因,常以头痛、颈部杂音、颈部动脉夹层和脑卒中等为临床表现,及时行脑血管影像学检查明确诊断并给予相应治疗十分重要,但长期转归目前尚不明确.Objective To analyze the basal conditions of 5 patients with cerebrovascular fibromuscular dysplasia （FMD）,and explore the clinical presentation,imaging features,therapies and outcomes of cerebrovascular FMD.Methods Five patients with cerebrovascular FMD,admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to April 2013,were chosen in our study; their medical history and imaging features were collected,and their clinical presentation,imaging features,therapies and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed when combining with literature review.Results Five patients all presented with stroke,including four having hemiplegia as the initial symptom,and one having headache with nausea and vomiting as the main performance.One was diagnosed as having subarachnoid hemorrhage by CT scan,and four had different infarction lesions in lobes and basal ganglia on MRI.Artery dissection was discovered in all patients by cerebral digital substraction angiography,including two with right internal carotid artery dissection,one with right vertebral artery dissection combined with aneurysm in anterior communicating artery associated with ＆quot;string-of-beads＆quot; appearance on C1 segment of right internal carotid artery and left vertebral artery,one with bilateral vertebral artery dissection,and the last one with bilateral internal carotid artery dissection and moyamoya disease-like vessels.No abnormality was discovered in two patients by renal artery angiography.The patient with anterior communicating artery aneurysm was treated with endovascular aneurysm embolization,having poor prognosis.In the remaining 4 patients with cerebral infarction,two were treated with carotid artery stenting,and the other 2 were only given antiplatelet therapy.No patient suffered cerebrovascular accidents during the 12-month follow-up.Conclusions Cerebrovascular FMD is a rare cause of young stroke,and patients with cerebrovascular FMD often manifest headache,neck bruit,carotid artery dissection and stroke.It is particularly important to make definitive diagn

关 键 词：肌纤维发育不良 脑卒中 动脉夹层 抗血小板治疗 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]