粒径对硝酸铵爆炸特性的影响  

Effects of Particle Size on the Explosibility of Ammonium Nitrate

作　　者：夏良洪 谭柳[1] 徐森[1,2] 陈相[3] 刘大斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]国家民用爆破器材质量监督检验中心,江苏南京210094 [3]上海出入境检验检疫局,上海200135

出　　处：《爆破器材》2015年第2期32-35,共4页Explosive Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51174120)

摘　　要：为了研究粒径对硝酸铵爆炸特性的影响,采用联合国隔板试验装置,研究了不同粒径硝酸铵的爆速变化特性。结果表明：粒径为149-841μm的硝酸铵都发生了整体爆轰,但不同粒径硝酸铵的爆速和验证板的破坏效应各不相同;粒径范围为420-841μm、250-420μm、177-250μm和149-177μm的样品爆速分别为1 166、1 336、1 607和1 543 m/s,验证板的破坏效应分别为深5.40 cm的凹痕、直径为3.05、7.95和7.10 cm的穿孔;由爆速和验证板的破坏效应结果可以发现,在装药密度相同的条件下,硝酸铵粒径越小,爆速越高,破坏效应越剧烈;比较粒径范围为177-250μm和149-177μm样品的结果可知,当粒径为149-177μm时,硝酸铵的装药密度明显降低,且样品爆速和破坏效应也相应降低,表明装药密度对硝酸铵爆炸特性有显著影响。To study the effect of particle size on the explosibility of ammonium nitrate,the partition test device of United Nations was used to test the tendency of explosive velocity of ammonium nitrate with different particle sizes. The results show that ammonium nitrate with particle sizes of 149-841 μm can overall detonate,while the detonation velocity and damaging effects of witness plate will be different with the changes of particle sizes. When particle sizes of the samples were in the ranges of 420-841 μm,250-420 μm,177-250 μm and 149-177 μm,the detonation velocity were 1166,1336,1607 m / s and 1543 m / s. The damages of witness plate exhibit 5. 4cm-deep dents,and 3. 05 cm,7. 95 cm and 7. 10cm-diameter perforated. From the results of destructive effect of witness plate and detonation velocity,it could be found that with the same charge density,the smaller the ammonium nitrate particle size,the higher the detonation velocity and the severer damage effects. Comparison of samples shows that when particle size is 149-177 μm,the charge density of ammonium nitrate is lower,and the detonation velocity and destruction effects reduced accordingly,indicating that the charge density have significant effect on explosive properties of ammonium nitrate.

关 键 词：爆炸特性 粒径 爆速 破坏效应 扫描电镜 装药密度 

分 类 号：TD235.21[矿业工程—矿井建设]