仕胡汉臣的历史评价分析——以李陵、王猛、许衡为典型样本  

The Historic Evaluation of Ministers of Han Contributing to Minority——Taking Li Ling,Wang Meng and XuHeng as samples

作　　者：马昕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100000

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第1期40-51,共12页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：青年项目"三家<诗>辑佚史研究"(项目编号:14CZW037)的研究成果

摘　　要：儒家"华夷之辨"的思想影响着人们对一些历史问题的看法。尤其那些本为华夏之裔却身事夷狄之廷的"失节"汉臣,在这一思想的影响下,承受着极大的舆论压力。李陵、王猛和许衡是中国历史上仕胡汉臣的三个代表,后世文人对他们的看法不一:对李陵个人以同情为主,但却一致反对其效忠匈奴之举;对王猛毁誉参半,多认为他不应效忠前秦,但到清代中晚期开始出现反调,认为忠于苻坚也是一种君臣之义;对许衡则以称赞和辩护为主,但其中仍暗藏"仕元是罪"的逻辑前提,直到清代中晚期士人的史论中,才对元朝的正统地位予以不加保留的认可。这些历史评价表露出不尽相同的华夷观念。我们从中能够窥察到中国古代文人对华夷伦理与民族问题的调适之法。The thought of the difference between China and minority nationality has a profound impacton or people＇s opinions about some historic problems.Influenced by it,those Han ministers contributing to minority are under the pressure of public opinion.Li Ling,Wang Meng and XuHeng are presentatives among them.And the later literati held different attitudes towards them.They mainly sympathize with Li Ling,but express their disgust to his loyalty to Hun.Wang Meng got both praise and blame.Many of them think that he shouldn＇t serve pre Qin.By the middle-late Qing dynasty,the opposed view makes a sound.Although XuHeng is defended and praised,his fealty to Yuan Dynasty is considered to be guilty and still become the logical prerequisite for their identification.And only up to the middle-late Qing dynasty,the legitimacy of Yuan Dynasty is fully recognized.These evaluations are not all the same.Then we can discover that literary men in ancient China were how to debug the ethic between China and minority nationality and the national problem.

关 键 词：仕胡汉臣 李陵 王猛 许衡 历史评价 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]