竖直液柱与水平液面作用激起毛细波探究  

Capillary Waves on Vertical Jets Impinging upon Different Types of Liquid Surfaces

作　　者：巩欣亚[1,2] 张煜[1] 张永战[1] 沈宏[1] 潘永华[1] 高惠滨[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学物理学院,江苏南京210093 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《实验室研究与探索》2015年第2期29-33,共5页Research and Exploration In Laboratory

基　　金：南京大学教育部大学生创新训练计划项目(XZ1110284090)资助

摘　　要：探究竖直液柱自由下落到水平液面上,液柱底部受扰激起的表面毛细波传播出现稳定的波节、波腹,如同"驻波"形式的实验现象。利用Navier-Stokes方程分析表面毛细波的传播规律;对比实验探究不同初始条件下,竖直液柱与水平液面相互作用激起毛细波的现象。结果表明,下落高度及水平液面性质有关;纯净深水液面与浅水液面的对比实验表明,浅水液面上液柱底部更易激起稳定毛细波,相同条件浅水液面上激起的毛细波波数较大,波长较短;油膜液面上竖直液柱底部的毛细波被抑制,出现一段笔直液管,并在液柱中部激起稳定的毛细波形。When small cylindrical fluid jets impinge upon liquid surfaces, a stationary field of capillary waves can be excited on the base of the vertical jets. Theoretical description of the phenomena is derived from transformation of Navier-Stokcs equation. Comparative experiments showed that the form of wave pattern excited on vertical jet depends on the jet＇s inilial conditions and type of liquid surface. Further results are presented by theoretical and experimental investigation ： 1 ） The form of wave pattern is influenced by several matters, the major ones are the initial flow velocity, jet＇s downward distance and type of liquid surface. 2） Under the same initial conditions, the capillary wave pattern excited on a shallow water base is more stable than which excited upon a deep water base; and the capillary wavelength is shorter and wave number is smaller. 3） When fluid jets impinge upon a thin oil surface base, the field of stationary wave is suppressed on the bottom of the jets, and excited somewhere above.

关 键 词：毛细波 液体表面张力 竖直液柱 驻波 水平液面 

分 类 号：O353.3[理学—流体力学]