论藏传佛教活佛转世制度实施中的中央权威性  

The Central Government Authority Embodied in the Implementation of the System of Living Buddha of the Tibetan Buddhism

作　　者：白玛朗杰 次仁德吉[1] 王春焕[1] 

机构地区：[1]西藏社会科学院,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《西藏研究》2015年第1期1-11,共11页Tibetan Studies

摘　　要：活佛转世是藏传佛教首领权力传承的一种特有的方式。元朝以来,历代中央政府扶持藏传佛教,册封有关教派首领,逐渐形成了活佛转世制度,成为政教合一制度的组成部分。西藏地方各教派为取得统治西藏地区的教权和政权都力争得到中央政府的支持。各教派转世活佛因得到中央政府的册封,成为管理西藏地方的中央命官。藏传佛教活佛转世制度的形成、发展和完善,是元朝以来中央政府管理西藏的政权和西藏地方宗教影响社会的教权相结合的产物。藏传佛教活佛转世有其宗教理论基础,但是成为一种制度并被后世继承下来,根本原因在于中央政府对藏传佛教有关教派的扶持,运用宗教力量管理西藏地方。藏传佛教活佛转世制度从产生一直持续实施至今,体现了历代中央政府管理西藏政治、社会和宗教的权威性。藏传佛教活佛转世制度成为历代中央政府治理西藏体系的重要内容,藏传佛教活佛转世制度的存续、转世活佛的立废权力都在中央政府,这表明中国中央政府对西藏地区行使着主权。The reincarnation of Living Buddha is a unique way to inherit the power of Tibetan Buddhism. Since the Yuan Dynasty,Chinese Central Government support of Tibetan Buddhism,of the canonization of the relevant religious leader,has gradually formed the reincarnation system. Tibetan local sects were scrambling to get the support of the Central Government,so as the religious power and political power. Each sect reincarnation due to be canonized by the Central Government,central and local officials become managers of Tibet. The formation of Tibetan Buddhism,the Living Buddha reincarnation system as well as its development and improvement was a result of the Central Government administration of Tibet since the Yuan Dynasty. The reincarnation of Living Buddhas has its religious foundation,but it becomes a kind of institution and was later inherited,the fundamental reason was that the Central Government support for Tibetan Buddhism sectarian religious forces,the administration of Tibetan political and social issues through religious forces. Tibetan Buddhist reincarnation system,embodies the authority of the successive Central Government administration of Tibet. Tibetan Buddhist reincarnation system becomes an important part of Chinese Central Government governance system in Tibet. The existence and development such system indicates the Chinese Central Government＇s sovereignty over Tibet.

关 键 词：藏传佛教 活佛转世 制度 中央权威性 

分 类 号：D635[政治法律—政治学]