U及伴生重金属Mn、Pb对土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Uranium and Associated Heavy Metals Mn and Pb on Soil Enzyme Activities

作　　者：张飞[1,2] 罗学刚[3,2] 王佳[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院 [2]生物质材料教育部工程研究中心 [3]西南科技大学核废物与环境安全国防重点学科实验室 [4]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2015年第3期44-49,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家核设施退役及放射性废物治理科研重点项目资助(14zg6103);西南科技大学研究生创新基金项目资助(14ycx072)

摘　　要：通过盆栽实验,研究不同浓度条件下U、Mn、Pb对土壤酶(脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化物酶)活性的影响。结果表明:U对四种酶均有抑制作用,其中脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性随着U浓度的增加而降低;Mn对脲酶、磷酸酶有抑制作用,对过氧化物酶则有促进作用,Mn浓度较低时促进蔗糖酶活性,高浓度时则抑制。Pb对脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性均有抑制作用,其中对磷酸酶抑制作用最强烈,然而低浓度Pb促进过氧化物酶活性。脲酶、磷酸酶对U、Mn、Pb污染反应更敏感。通过相关性分析、回归分析及生态抑制效应研究,结果表明土壤脲酶和磷酸酶适于作为监测评价土壤U污染的生物指标。脲酶、磷酸酶比蔗糖酶和过氧化物酶更适于表征土壤Mn、Pb污染程度。The effects of U,Mn and Pb on the soil enzyme activities（urease,acid phosphatase and peroxidase） under different concentration conditions are investigated by pot experiments. The results indicate that U has inhibiting effects on all the four kinds of soil enzymes. Among these enzymes,activities of urease,acid phosphatase and sucrose decrease with the increase of the concentration of U. Mn has inhibiting effects on activities of urease and phosphatase,while Mn has promoting effects on activities of peroxidase. Different concentrations of Mn has different influence on activities of sucrose. It has promoting effects on the activity of invertase with low concentration of Mn,while it has inhibiting effects with high concentration of Mn. Pb has inhibiting effects on all activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase, especially on phosphatase. Besides,Pb has promoting effects on peroxidase when its concentration is low. Urease and acid phosphatase are sensitive to the contaminations of U,Mn and Pb. Correlation analysis,regression analysis and ecological inhibition effect are also used to analyze the relationship between soil enzyme activities and U,Mn and Pb. Results showe that urease and phosphatase could be used as biological indicators for monitoring the pollution of soil by U. Compared to invertase and peroxidase,urease and phosphatase are more suitable for evaluation pollution degree of soil by Mn and Pb.

关 键 词：铀 重金属 土壤酶 生物指标 生态剂量 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]