黑龙江省巴彦县土地利用类型变化特征及其空间格局分异  

Land-Use Types Change Characteristics and Spatial Heterogeneity in Bayan of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：宋戈[1,2] 王盼盼[1] 王越[1] 周春凤[2] 张雪[2] 闫飞[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学土地管理研究所,中国辽宁沈阳110819 [2]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,中国黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《经济地理》2015年第3期163-170,共8页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071346);中央高校基本科研业务费(N130714001);辽宁省教育厅项目(W2014048)

摘　　要：以黑龙江省巴彦县为研究区,以1976—2011年间12期遥感影像为数据源像,运用景观生态学理论,在RS、GIS技术支持下,对研究区1976—2011年各种用地类型的数量变化、结构变化、组合方式变化特征及空间格局特征进行研究,以揭示研究区土地利用变化规律。结果表明:1研究区土地利用类型组合方式以旱地和林地为主,其中旱地面积最大,占总面积的50%以上。1976—2011年,土地利用类型变化特征主要表现为建设用地和其他用地面积减少,从而导致旱地面积大幅度增加;林地面积明显增多,主要由旱地转入;牧草地面积减少,其转出主要为旱地、建设用地和其他用地;建设用地、其他用地、水域和园地面积逐渐减少,水田面积增多。21976—2011年,研究区景观分离度、景观多样性和景观形状均呈下降趋势,1976—1988年、1988—2000年、2000—2011年3个时间段内,研究区土地利用格局分布的集散程度呈现出"集中—分散—集中"的变化特征;格局整体稳定性呈"稳定—不稳定—稳定"的复合稳定性特征;格局形状呈"简化—复杂—简化"的变化特征。31976—2011年,研究区土地利用类型变化在空间上呈现出明显的分异特征,土地利用类型变化最频繁的区域主要集中在研究区南部的富江乡和松花江乡,东部的洼兴镇与西部的西集镇和红光乡。This article take Bayan county in Heilongjiang province as the research area, based on the twelve periods of remote sensing images from 1976 to 2011.To study the quantitative and structural changes, changes in the composition of the different characteristics and spatial pattern characteristics of the study area from 1976 to 2011 by RS, GIS and landscape ecology for revealing the laws of land use change.The results showed that：（1）The main land-use types were dry land and forest land, and the area of dry land was the largest, which accounted for more than 50% of the whole study area. The reductions of the areas of construction land and other type land were the mainly land- use type change characteristics, and resulted in a substantial increase of the area of the dry land in 1976- 2011.The forest land area increased obviously, which mainly transferred from dry land. The area of grass land decreased, which turned into mainly dry land,construction land and other type land. The area of construction land, other type land, water and garden land gradually decreased, and the area of paddy land increased.（2）The landscape apartness index,landscape diversity index and landscape shape index showed a downward trend from 1976 to 2011. In 1976- 1988, 1988- 1999,2000- 2011 three time periods： The distribution of land use pattern of the study area expressed as＂concentration-decentralized-concentration＂.The overall pattern stability demonstrated the＂stable-unstable-stable＂complex stability characteristics. The pattern shape demonstrated the＂simplification-complexity-simplification＂characteristics.（3）Land-use type changes in the study area in space showing a clear differentiation characteristics in 1976-2011. The Fujiang Township and Songhuajiang Township in the southern region of the study area, the Waxing town in the eastern and Xiji town and Hongguang town in the western were in the most frequent changes of land use types.

关 键 词：土地利用类型 土地利用空间格局分异 巴彦县 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]