铁路交通一线员工安全心理素质评估初探  

Evaluation of the Railway Employees' Mental Traits Concerning Working safety

作　　者：宁维卫[1] 董洁[1] 王雅静[1] 梁喻嘉 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学心理研究与咨询中心,四川成都610031

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第2期60-66,共7页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：2012年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金资助项目"交通灾难应急与心理干预研究"(12YJAZH095)

摘　　要：铁路交通一线员工是典型的高职业压力群体,他们的心理状态会直接或间接地影响着工作状态。采用焦点小组访谈法和问卷调查法对铁路交通一线员工安全心理素质进行评估,结果显示：5年以下与20年以上工龄人群的思想遵从呈现双低态势;工龄或学历越高,员工应对方式越成熟;新员工更多依赖组织获取社会支持,而老员工则更依赖亲友获取社会支持;11~20年工龄段和低职务职称人群表现出更高的工作倦怠感,高职务员工工作适应力更强。可见,不同人群的安全心理素质结构和心理诉求存在典型差异特征,为此应对铁路一线员工加强安全意识教育,给予其组织和社会支持,定期开展压力调适活动和增加其应对压力的方式,从而切实提升他们的安全心理素质。The frontline railway staff is a group of workers with high working stress and their psychological states are directly or indirectly correlated with their work. To evaluate mental traits of frontline railway staff concerning working safety, we utilize focus group and questionnaires in this research. The results indicate that：（ 1） an evaluation system by means of both direct and indirect index,both positive and negative,and both psychological and behavioral shows high sensitiveness and efficacy;（ 2） the 11-20 working-year group shows the highest mental obedience while either longer or shorter working-year group shows lower one. The longer working-year group and the higher education level group show more mature coping behaviors. New workers＇ social support resources depend more on organization while old ones depend more on personal life. The higher education level group shows higher ability on gaining social supports. The 11-20 working-year group shows the highest working burn-out level,while higher-position group shows lower one and higher working adaptability.（ 3） Different groups show different mental traits concerning working safety. Therefore, to uplift the frontline railway staff＇s psychological states concerning occupational safety,we should heighten their safety awareness,provide social and organizational support to them,and hold different activities on a regular basis to adjust the stress and to promote their adaptability to the stress.

关 键 词：铁路交通一线员工 安全心理素质 工作压力与倦怠 组织与社会支持 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]