全国九地区学龄前儿童智力水平及其影响因素分析  

Intelligence Level of Preschoolers from 9 Areas in China and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：薛勇[1] 赵艾[1] 王金子[1] 邵祥龙[1] 张玉梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国食物与营养》2015年第3期85-89,共5页Food and Nutrition in China

摘　　要：目的:了解学龄前儿童智力水平及其影响因素,为促进和改善学龄前儿童智力发育提供依据。方法:采用多阶段整群抽样法选取973名学龄前儿童,使用《中国比内测试》量表对其进行智力测试,同时由家长辅助填写一般情况调查问卷,了解学龄前儿童智力状况及分布,并进行单因素和多元回归分析。结果:儿童平均智商为99.48±14.26。不同地区儿童智力水平存在差异,除邢台山区外,儿童性别与智力水平无关。多因素回归分析显示,影响儿童智商的因素有儿童年龄、前4个月喂养方式、父母文化程度、出生时母亲年龄、父亲职业、家庭经济水平等。结论:儿童智商受到社会经济、营养和遗传因素综合作用。为提高儿童智商,既要提高父母的文化程度、职业状况和经济水平,又要注重优生优育。【Objective】To explore preschoolers＇ intelligence level and its influencing factors to provide basis for the promotion and improvement of preschoolers＇ intelligence development.【Method】Totally 973 preschoolers were chosen by Multiple Stage Stratified Cluster Sampling and provided with questionnaire finished by their parents,and their intelligence were assessed by the Standdord-Bibent Test of Intelligence. The state and distribution of preschoolers＇ intelligence were studied,and then One-Way ANOVA / T test and multivariate regression analysis were conducted.【Result】The mean value of preschoolers＇ intelligence was 99. 48 ± 14. 26. There were some differences between different areas,but the significant difference between genders was not found except for the township in Xingtai mountain area. Influencing factors about intelligence included childrens＇ age,feeding practices in the first 4 months,parents＇ education,mother＇s age when birthing,fathers＇ occupation,and family＇s economic status.【Conclusion】Preschoolers＇ intelligence was influenced by socio-economic,nutritional and genetic factors comprehensively. To improve their intelligence,not only the improvement of parents＇ education,occupation,and family economic status,but also bearing and rearing better children were necessary.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 智力水平 中国比内测试 影响因素 营养调查 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]