洋务运动时期两种科技观的解读  

An Interpretation of the Two Views on Science and Technology During the Westernization Movement

作　　者：尹晶晶[1] 孙涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学图书馆,北京100872

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2015年第4期72-77,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：洋务运动时期,洋务派与保守派围绕科技的社会功能展开了针锋相对的论争。洋务派秉持"中体西用"的原则,主张学习西方的先进科技以自强,保守派则倡导依靠传统祖宗成法摆脱社会危机。这场论争的背后凸显中国强大的文化本位主义;同时,皇权制度下科技的发展受到统治阶层利益的影响,统治阶层中不同派别之间的权力制衡也成为制约科技发展的因素,从而使中国人学习西方科技的过程困难重重。洋务运动的经验表明,任何社会要接纳近代科技并发挥其社会功能,必须首先着力打造适合科技发展的社会条件。During the Westernization Movement, the Pro-westernization Group and Pro-conservative Group launched a tit for tat debate over the so- cial functions of science and technology. The Pro-westernization Group upheld the principle of ＂western use of Chinese style ＂, advocating self-reliance by learning advanced Western science and technology, while Pro-conservative Group sparkplugged to get rid of social crisis by traditional patriarchal clan system. This debate highlighted the Chinese strong cultural parochialism;the development of science and technology under the imperial regime was affected by the interests of the ruling class, and the balance of power between the different factions in the ruling class would become a constraint factor in restricting the development of science and technology, which made it difficult for the Chinese to learn the Western science and technology. The experience of Westernization Movement showed that any society that is willing to embrace modern science and technology and to bring their social functions into ：full play must strive to create social conditions suitable for the development of science and technology first.

关 键 词：洋务运动 洋务派 保守派 科技观 社会条件 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]