电动汽车充换电站的成本效益模型及敏感性分析  

Cost-benefit Model and Its Sensitivity Analysis for Battery Charging and Swapping Station for Electric Vehicles

作　　者：代倩[1] 段善旭[1] 蔡涛[1] 陈天锦 黄羚[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学强电磁工程与新技术国家重点实验室,湖北省武汉市430074 [2]许继电源有限公司,河南省许昌市461000

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2014年第24期41-47,共7页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流NSFC-RCUK_EPSRC项目(51361130150)~~

摘　　要：电动汽车充换电站(battery charging and swapping station,BCSS)是中国电动汽车应用的重要基础设施之一,得到了广泛关注和示范推广。BCSS的成本收益模型对BCSS商业化推广是至关重要的,文中探讨了电动汽车BCSS的组成结构和运营模式,选择以电池租赁运营模式的BCSS为研究对象,考虑了其投资成本、运营和维护费用、人工薪酬等成本及充换电服务等收益,建立了基于净现值动态评价指标的电动汽车BCSS成本效益模型。最后以中国某大型电动汽车充换示范电站为实例,分析了该电站在全寿命周期内的成本收益模型,并进行了敏感性分析,得出了影响BCSS收益的关键因素依次为充换电服务价格、电池租赁费用、购电价格等。该模型及分析结果为电动汽车BCSS商业化运行提供了成本收益评估和决策依据。Battery charging and swapping stations （BCSSs） for electric vehicles has become an important infrastructure contributing to the development and spread of electric vehicles in China. The cost-benefit model of BCSS is crucial for its commercialization. In this paper, the battery lease mode is chosen as the operation mode of the BCSS. On the grounds of the chosen mode, the cost-benefit model of the BCSS based on the time-varying economic assessment index including net present value is built that considers the whole capital costs, the maintenance and operation fees, employee wages and service returns from swap and charging. Finally, with a BCSS based on leased mode in China as an example, the whole life cycle cost-benefit model is presented and the key elements affecting the station＇s revenue are found through a sensitivity analysis. The sequence of sensitivity elements is as follows： the battery swapping price, lease rental of batteries, electricity price, and so on. The model of BCSS and its sensitivity analysis has provided a basis for cost-benefit assessment and decision marking for commercial operation of BCSS of electric vehicles.

关 键 词：电动汽车 充换电站 运营模式 成本效益模型 敏感性分析 

分 类 号：U491.8[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] TM910.6[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]