壁蜂的行为特性及其在农作物传粉中的应用前景  

Behavioral Characteristics of Osmia and Its Application Prospects in Crop Pollination

作　　者：吴翠翠[1,2] 李朋波[1,2,3] 曹美莲[1,2] 曹彩荣[1,2] 杨六六[1,2] 任文斌[1] 刘惠民[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院棉花研究所,山西运城044000 [2]棉花种质资源利用与分子设计育种山西省重点实验室,山西运城044000 [3]农业部黄土高原作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第8期40-44,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山西省青年科技研究基金"壁蜂在棉花三系传粉中的行为规律研究"(2013021026);山西省科技攻关"优质多抗棉花恢复系分子育种技术创新与应用"(20130311004-4);山西省财政支农项目"复合性状转基因棉花新种质创制"(2014ZYFZ-06)

摘　　要：昆虫传粉对于虫媒农作物生产具有重要作用。壁蜂是近年来得以迅速应用的一种传粉昆虫,通常在早春活动授粉,与蜜蜂相比具有耐低温、访花速率快、授粉效果好、管理简便等特点。中国在利用壁蜂授粉方面起步较晚,但目前研究应用也取得了较大的进展。笔者总结了壁蜂的种类、生活史及授粉特性,阐述了近年来壁蜂在国内外果树授粉中取得的显著经济效益,展望了壁蜂在大田作物授粉中的应用前景,并根据壁蜂的活动规律提出了应用壁蜂授粉需要注意的问题。壁蜂授粉符合虫媒作物生产中经济、高效、环境友好的需求,必将成为现代农业生产中的关键技术。The pollinating insects play an important role in entomophilous crops production. Osmia is a kind ofwild bees distributed around the globe and has been rapidly applied to crop pollination in recent years. Osmia acts and pollinates the flowering plants usually in early spring. Compared to honeybee, Osmia has somefeatures such as resistance to low temperature, high flower- visiting rate, good pollination effect and easymanagement. Research and application of Osmia in China were launched relatively late, but have madeconsiderable progress quickly in recent years. In this paper, we summarized species, life history, pollinationcharacters of Osmia, expounded the remarkable economic benefit that had been achieved in fruit plants byapplying Osmia, and had an outlook on the future applications of this insect in the field crops. At the sametime, we stated several aspects needed to be attended when using Osmia. Pollination by Osmia could meet theneeds of economy, efficiency and environmental friendship in crop production, and would be a key technologyin the development of modern agricultural products.

关 键 词：昆虫传粉 壁蜂 蜜蜂 授粉特性 应用前景 

分 类 号：S891[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]