添加菌剂制作堆肥的肥效及菌群多样性分析  

Analysis on Fertilizer Efficiency and Microbial Diversity of Compost with Bacterium Agent

作　　者：刘长莉[1] 李娜[1] 王宝鑫[1] 李春玲[1] 齐英杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第8期145-153,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：教育部中央高校中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目"低温地区秸秆快速降解及低成本生产有机肥技术"(DL140016)

摘　　要：为了加速低温地区农牧废弃物转化为有机肥以用于培肥地力,筛选一组能够在14天内转化稻杆重量36%的菌剂。利用气质联用检测挥发性产物,发现其中含有L-乳酸、甲酸、乙酸和丙酸等多种能够培肥地力的有机质。在东北低温条件下,添加该菌剂制作堆肥与不添加菌剂的堆肥相比,添加菌剂堆温最高可达63.0℃,55.0℃以上的高温期为7天,比未添加菌剂的堆肥腐熟时间缩短17天。发酵57天后发现添加菌剂与不添加菌剂堆肥样品中可溶性糖含量分别为11.80和8.92 mg/L,C/N分别为12.65和13.69。添加菌剂培育的番茄种子和番茄幼苗长势也明显优于不添加菌剂的对照组。454高通量技术检测原菌剂与添加该菌剂制作的堆肥样品的菌群多样性,发现Bacteroides sp.、Firmicutes sp.和Clostridium sp.在2个菌群中都属于优势种,但添加菌剂制作的堆肥,其菌群多样性更加丰富。试验证明,添加菌剂制作堆肥不仅可缩短有机肥堆置时间还可以增加肥效。In order to accelerate agriculture and animal waste transform into organic fertilizer to increase soilfertility, a stable cellulose decomposing bacterial community was screened out which could decompose 36% ofrice straw within 14 days. Many kinds of volatile products（L-lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid and propionicacid） were detected by GCMS, most of them were advantageous to increase soil organic matter. In the northeastof China, two composts were piled up and the bacteria agent was added to only one of the composts. We foundthat the highest temperature was 63.0℃, temperature over 55.0℃ maintained for 7 days in compost added withbacteria agent. In addition, time of thoroughly decomposition of the compost added with bacteria agent was 17 days shorter than the compost without bacteria agent. After piled for 57 days, in compost with and withoutbacteria agent, the soluble sugar was 11.80 and 8.92 mg/L, respectively, and C/N was 12.65 and 13.69,respectively. The 454 pyrosequencing technology was used to survey the whole bacterial community. Thepredominant strains belonged to three genera： Bacteroides sp., Firmicutes sp. and Clostridium sp.. But thebacterial diversity was much abundant of the added with bacteria agent. The resulted showed that the compostadded with bacteria agent can not only cut down organic fertilizer＇s stacking time but also increase its fertilizer efficiency.

关 键 词：堆肥 微生物菌剂 肥效 菌群多样性 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]