赫歇尔空间天文台科学地面段软件开发管理方法的研究  

A Study of the Method for Software-Development Management of the Herschel Science Ground Segment

作　　者：张洁[1] 黄茂海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100012

出　　处：《天文研究与技术》2015年第2期212-218,共7页Astronomical Research & Technology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA04080300)资助

摘　　要：国内空间项目软件管理方法已经不能满足当前日益复杂的地面应用系统的要求。深入研究了具有国际领先水平的赫歇尔(Herschel)空间天文台科学地面段的软件开发管理方法。赫歇尔科学地面段基于迭代模型的分支开发的特点,切实可行的软件管理计划以及基于用例需求的开放管理方式改变了地面段总是处于整个工程建设的末端的现状,而是从载荷研制阶段就开始工作,而且面对频繁的需求变更,始终保持高效的工作状态,这些在国内空间项目中是前所未有的。本研究给国内空间项目的软件开发提供了新的思路和方法。Currently project software managements for space observatories in China adopt methods based on the waterfall model and the requirement management for long-term fixed requirements.These methods cannot meet the demand to develop complex systems for ground-based applications of spaced-based observation. In this paper we present a study of the method of software-development management for the Herschel Science Ground Segment （ HSGS） , which is a first-class successful model of software-development management of the world.The HSGS uses the method of branched development.Based on an iterative model the method of branched development adopts the Software Project Management Plan （SPMP）, which is practically reasonable and applicable.The implementation of the method in the HSGS synthetically meets the requirements of the HSGS and the payloads of the entire project.The method is an open-management approach capable of incorporating application requirements in practically emerging use cases.With the method the HSGS changes the conventional situation that a system for ground-based applications is developed at the final stage of a project of a spaced-based observatory.Instead, the HSGS works right from the payload-development stage, and it is frequently adjusted to meet changing requirements.The HSGS can thus always support data-analysis systems highly efficiently.The instrument engineers and scientists can accept training of operation of the scientific instruments from the start of the project to reduce chances for operational mistakes.Meanwhile, the software in the HSGS can be improved in the course of operations to ensure mission success.The merits of the HSGS are absent in managements of Chinese space projects.Our study of the HSGS shows a new method and a new line of thoughts for software-engineering managements of space-observatory projects in China.

关 键 词：空间天文学其他学科 软件开发管理 过程模型 迭代开发 需求管理 用例 

分 类 号：V556[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] TP311[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]