专家与新手在成本-收益结构条件推理上的差异比较  

A Difference Comparison Between Experts and Novices in Conditional Reasoning of the Cost-profit Structure

作　　者：曾晓青[1] 陈美荣[2] 黄仁辉[3] 胡竹菁[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学心理学院江西省心理与认知重点实验室,江西南昌330022 [2]南昌师范学院教育系,江西南昌330029 [3]宜春学院心理教育中心,江西宜春336600

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第2期108-120,共13页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“推理心理学几种主要理论模型的实验比较研究”(编号:31460252);江西省社会科学规划项目“成本-收益结构条件推理的认知研究”(编号:12JY08);江西师范大学博士启动基金

摘　　要：为考查专家和新手两类被试在条件推理上的差异,以及社会契约理论与"知识与试题双重结构模型"的差异,本研究以四卡任务为研究范式,采用自编的包含有成本-收益结构的社会契约和非社会契约条件推理问题为研究材料,结果发现:(1)在成本-收益结构的社会契约问题上,若以形式逻辑作为统计标准,专家成绩则显著地好于新手;若按社会契约作答标准进行统计,则专家与新手间差异不显著;(2)就非社会契约问题而言,专家的作业成绩显著地好于新手的作业成绩;(3)内容熟悉的比不熟悉的社会契约问题更有助于提高被试的作业成绩。(4)总体上,标准社会契约问题成绩显著好于转换社会契约问题成绩;"知识与试题双重结构模型"没有得到验证,在一定程度上,该模型遵循的是形式逻辑作答判定标准。In order to explore the differences between expert and novice in the conditional reasoning, and the differences between social contract theory and dual-structure model of knowledge and item, four cards task are taken as the research paradigm,and the research materials include social contract and non-contract social conditional reasoning problems of cost-benefit structure. The results show：（1）in the social contract problems of cost- profit structure,according to formal logic standards,the expert score is significantly better than that of novices;in terms of the social contract theory,there are not significant differences between experts and novices;（2）on non-social contract issues,experts’ performances are significantly better than those of the novice;（ 3 ）compared with unfamiliar social contract,participants of familiar social contract are better;（4）on the whole,standard social contract problem scores are significantly better than converting social contract scores;“the dual -structure model of knowledge and item”has not been proven,to a certain extent,this model conforms to the＆nbsp;formal logic as the criterion of the answer.

关 键 词：专家-新手 成本-收益 社会契约理论 条件推理 

分 类 号：B840[哲学宗教—心理学]