不同土地利用类型下水土流失特征及雨强关系分析  

Relationship of Rainfall Intensity and the Characteristics of Soil and Water Erosion Under Different Land Use Types

作　　者：闫胜军[1] 郭青霞[1] 闫瑞[2] 赵富才[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源与环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第2期45-49,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071345)

摘　　要：坡面是黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀的重要源地,以岔口小流域4个不同类型的径流场观测数据为基础,对不同土地利用类型下的径流、泥沙和氮流失特征进行研究,并分析不同时段雨强对其的影响。结果表明,裸地的产流和产沙量最大,天然林地产水、产沙及氮流失量最小;年内单位面积径流量与最大30min雨强呈较好的指数函数关系,且拟合程度高于最大20min雨强和最大10min雨强,而与平均雨强呈3次函数关系;单位面积泥沙流失量也表现出相似趋势。坡耕地径流中氮流失浓度最高,尤其是6,7月份的高强度降雨产生的径流,年度内同等程度降雨条件下径流中氮流失浓度呈现前高后低的趋势。Hill-slope is the main source of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau hilly-gully region.Based on the observed data of four kinds of runoff plots in Chakou watershed,the characteristics of runoff,sediment,nitrogen loss under different land use types and the relationships among them with rainfall intensity in the different period were analyzed.The results indicated that the number of the runoff and sediment yielded in the bare land was largest,and runoff,sediment yielded and nitrogen lost in the nature forest land was smallest.The relationships between the runoff of unit area,sediment and the rainfall intensity of 30 min,20min,and 10 min showed index relationship,and it was the highest degree fitting with I30.But there were similar cubic function trends between the runoff of unit area,sediment and the average rainfall intensity.Soluble nitrogen concentration in surface runoff from slope cropland was highest especially under high intensity storm in June and July.The trend of nitrogen in the runoff was high at first then was low in the same rainfall intensity among the year.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵沟壑区 降雨强度 土壤侵蚀 氮流失 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]