南黄海春季大型底栖动物优势种生态位  

Niche analysis of dominant species of macrozoobenthic community in the southern Yellow Sea in spring

作　　者：彭松耀[1,2] 李新正[1] 王洪法[1] 张宝琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100039

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第6期1917-1928,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973)(2011CB403605);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41176133)

摘　　要：2011年4月对南黄海大型底栖动物进行定量采样调查,获得大型底栖动物105种,筛选获得优势种20种,隶属3门3纲17科。南黄海大型底栖动物优势种以运动、有颌、表层沉积物取食者相对丰度较高,占27.6%。对选取的20个优势种以Shannon-Wiener指数为基础进行了生态位宽度测定,以Pianka重叠指数为基础进行了生态位重叠值分析,以平均边缘指数(OMI)和耐受指数(TOI)为基础分析了物种生态位与环境之间的相互关系。结果表明:南黄海大型底栖动物群落优势种生态位宽度变化范围为1.24—2.15,生态位宽度值较高的有薄索足蛤、蜈蚣欧努菲虫、掌鳃索沙蚕、浅水萨氏真蛇尾、黄海刺梳鳞虫和寡节甘吻沙蚕;优势种OMI指数变化范围为0.23—4.95,OMI指数值较高的有拟特须虫和细弱吻沙蚕;优势种耐受指数值变化范围为0.13—3.85,值较高的有深钩毛虫、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕和黄海刺梳鳞虫;优势种生态位之间的重叠值不均一,在0—0.95之间,长叶尖索沙蚕和掌鳃索沙蚕生态位重叠值较高,为0.95;平均边缘指数分析随机置换显著性检验表明:水深、水温、盐度、沉积物粒径、沉积物总有机碳和总氮与长吻沙蚕、细弱吻沙蚕、背蚓虫、角海蛹和浅水萨氏真蛇尾生态位之间的相互关系较显著(P<0.05)。对群落优势种进行聚类和多维度排序分析,结果表明20个物种可分为广布种、典型生境种和特化种,主坐标分析反映了优势种在不同资源位点的分布状况,支持聚类和排序的结果。研究表明,优势种生态位的宽度、优势种之间的重叠值与物种摄食功能类群、生活型、资源位上的分布、物种数量及生境状况密切相关,反映了大型底栖动物群落中各物种对生境资源的不同利用能力。A quantitative survey to determine the composition of the macrobenthic communities in the southern Yellow Sea was conducted in April 2011. Over 100 species of macrobenthos were identified. Twenty dominant species,belonging to 17 families,3 classes and 3 phyla,were determined via rank abundance curve analysis. Surface deposit feeding,motile,jawed feeders（27. 6%） were the feeding group with the highest relative abundance values,while surface deposit feeding,sessile,tentaculate feeders were the least abundant（ 1%）. The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass benthic community was dominated by both carnivorous,motile,non-jawed species and carnivorous,motile,jawed feeders,making up 32. 3% and29. 7% of the community composition. In the Mixed community the trophic groups were dominated by both surface deposit feeding,motile,jawed and burrowing,motile,non-jawed feeders（46% and 30%,respectively）. Surface deposit feeding,motile,jawed feeders（32. 8%） was the most abundant macrobenthos category in the Eurythermal community,while in the Yangtze River Estuary community burrowing,motile,non-jawed and surface deposit-feeding,motile,non-jawed feeders represented 43. 8% and 31. 3% of the total abundance,respectively. The Shannon-Wiener Niche Breadth index,the Pianka Niche Overlap index,the outlying mean index（ OMI） and the tolerance index（ TOL） were used to analyze the relationships of the dominant species and environmental factors. Four indices were significantly different among species.Thyasira tokunagai,Onuphis geophiliformis,Nine palmata,Ophiura sarsii vadicola,Ehlersileanira hwanghaiensis and Glycinde gurjanovae had large niche breadths. The OMI varied from 0. 23 to 4. 95. Paralacydonia paradoxa and Glycera tenuis had higher values of OMI（4. 95 and 4. 78） than that of any other species and the most marginal niche positions of all the dominant species examined. N. palmata（ 0. 23） and Kuwaita heteropoda（ 0. 38） had relatively non-marginal niche positions,and occurred in average conditions across the sa

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 优势种 生态位 生态位宽度 生态位重叠值 南黄海 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]