道德理由的特殊性与普遍性——对内在理由与外在理由的反思  

On Particularity and Universality of Moral Reason——Reflection on the Internal and External Reason

作　　者：马庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院中国马克思主义研究所,助理研究员上海200020

出　　处：《学术月刊》2015年第4期48-56,共9页Academic Monthly

基　　金：上海市哲社项目"西方马克思主义‘正义的批判理论’研究"(2014BZX002)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：道德理由是道德哲学的重要议题。从康德与休谟的理性主义与情感主义之争,到今天的内在主义与外在主义之争,随着道德哲学的演进,在道德理由上争论的重点也发生了转移。从论证来看,内在主义与外在主义都有一定的合理之处,也有一些难以克服的缺陷。内在主义注重道德理由与个人行为动机之间的直接关联,却忽视了道德理由不能简单等同于个人的内在理由。外在主义强调道德理由必须要尊重外部的道德原则,却往往无力激发行为者以此行事。从当代道德哲学的发展来看,内在主义与外在主义之争其实是反映了个人偏私的特殊性与不偏不倚的道德要求之间的关系。一个更加合理的道德理由必须同时满足这两方面的要求,既是特殊的,也是普遍的,既是内在主义的,也是外在主义的。Moral reason is one of the important issues of moral philosophy. Contemporary controversy between internalism and externalism is the main debate of moral reason. From the point of argument, internalism and externalism have its respective grounds, and some defects. From the point of contemporary moral philosophy, the controversy between internalism and externalism is actually reflects the relationship between the particularity of individuals and the impartial moral requirements. A more reasonable moral reason must meet these two kinds of requirements, is universal and particular, internal and external.

关 键 词：道德理由 内在主义 外在主义 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]