马铁菊头蝠对同种咀嚼声的反应研究  

Response to the Conspecific Chewing Sounds in Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

作　　者：徐菲[1] 龙振宇[1] 冉欣[1] 赵雪[1] 邱富源 江廷磊[1] 冯江[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学,吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室,长春130117

出　　处：《四川动物》2015年第2期181-186,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2013102000062);国家自然科学基金项目(31030011;31100280)

摘　　要：咀嚼是哺乳动物食物吸收的重要组成部分,对动物的生存和繁殖极其重要。动物咀嚼时会发出低频低强度的咀嚼声,研究表明人类的咀嚼声可以增强自身或他人的食欲和愉悦度。蝙蝠作为哺乳动物中的第二大类群,其咀嚼声的特征和功能仍不清楚。本研究以吉林省集安市治安村的马铁菊头蝠Rhinolophus ferrumequinum为研究对象,通过回放蝙蝠咀嚼声和空白对照实验,同步录制蝙蝠的进食行为和回声定位声波,试图阐明蝙蝠咀嚼声对其进食行为和回声定位声波的影响。结果表明:进食次数在2种回放条件下的差异无统计学意义,但捕食尝试在2种回放条件下的差异有统计学意义。因此,咀嚼声能够显著地提高蝙蝠的进食欲望。此外,在蝙蝠咀嚼声的刺激下,其回声定位声波的频率增加,持续时间延长,脉冲速率减慢。这可能是因为蝙蝠在咀嚼声的影响下改变发声动机,从而改变了其回声定位声波的频谱时间结构。本研究第一次报道了蝙蝠咀嚼声对其进食行为的影响,为进一步阐明蝙蝠咀嚼声的功能和进化具有重要意义。Chewing is an important part of food intake in mammals, and therefore plays a vital role in mammal survival and reproduction. Mammals make chewing sound with low frequency and intensity when they chew food in oral cavity, and amount of evidences in human suggested that this kind of sound can increase the enjoyment of themselves and others. The bat, as the second largest group of mammals, the features and functions of its chewing sound remain unclear. In this study, we simultaneously recorded the feeding behavior and echolocation calls of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum by ultrasonic detector and infrared camera under chewing sound and control playback conditions, and tried to illuminate the effects of chewing sound on feeding behavior and echolocation calls. Our resuhs showed that no significant difference was observed in the num- ber between the two experimental conditions, however, a significant difference was detected in forage attempt of R. ferrurne- quinum. These results suggested that the chewing sound of R. ferrumequinum may increase their appetite. Additionally, under chewing sound conditions, R. ferrumequinum emitted echolocation calls with higher frequency, longer duration, and smaller rate. Bats changed the motivation of calls, therefore, they changed the spectral-temporal structure of echolocation calls. This study provided the first report of the effects of chewing sound on feeding behavior of bats, which may contribute to further understanding of the function and evolution of chewing sound in bats.

关 键 词：蝙蝠 咀嚼声 捕食尝试 进食次数 回声定位声波 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]