生成语法与汉语研究三十年  

Three decades of generative studies on the Chinese language

作　　者：吴义诚[1] 杨小龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学语言与认知研究中心

出　　处：《当代语言学》2015年第2期188-203,251-252,共16页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金规划项目"汉语句法与语义及语用的互动研究"(编号:12BYY091);教育部人文社科基金项目"汉语动词标示不足现象的动态研究"(编号:12YJA740079)的研究成果

摘　　要：本文评述了过去三十年间国际上运用生成语法理论框架探讨汉语语言现象的研究成果,重点放在话题结构、量词短语、疑问句式、时体系统和近期动向五个议题上。本文通过回顾指出,基于汉语的生成语法研究的最大贡献在于,让国际语言学界对整个人类语言的复杂性有了更为深刻的认识。本文进一步指出,有关汉语理论研究的诸多争论表明,要解决语言理论和语言事实之间的张力,语言学研究者不应只停留在理论分析层面,更应借助实际语料进行实证研究。这不但符合乔姆斯基一贯将语言学视为科学的基本精神,也是国际语言学界目前的一大研究趋向。This paper presents an overview of the generative studies of Chinese grammar over the past three decades,with a special focus on five major issues:topic structures,classifier phrases,wh-questions,tense and aspect,and current status.As far as topic structures are concerned,much of the debate hinges on whether the topic element is derived through movement(Huang 1982;Shi 2000) or is just base-generated(Xu and Langendoen1985;Pan and Hu 2008).Based on some authentic data,it is proposed that(i) the topic is essentially a discoursal concept,and is naturally elicited during the course of communicative interaction;(ii) the topic structure has the schematic representation[Topic[Subject + VP]],which suggests that the topic expression should be base-generated.As regards classifier phrases,the debate starts with Wu and Bodomo's(2009) critique of Cheng and Sybesma's(1999) proposal that sortal classifiers in Chinese should be treated as a functional equivalent to the definite article in English and hence should be analyzed as an iota operator,viz.the uniqueness operator.As has been elaborated in Li and Bisang(2012),the definite interpretation of classifier phrases in Sinitic languages is subject to the pragmatic constraint of familiarity,which strongly suggests that the so-called definite use of classifier phrases is essentially a pragmatic phenomenon,rather than a grammatical one like[the + NP]phrases(see Wu,to appear).With regard to wh-questions in Chinese,Huang(1982) proposes that their generation involves covert,logical form(LF) movement.Other scholars(see Aoun and Li 1993) argue instead that the LF movement hypothesis is implausible since Chinese often uses particles such as ne to mark wh-questions,which is sometimes taken as the abstract Q-operator to bind wh-questions(Shi 1994;Tsai 1994).Cross-linguistically(see Bruening 2007),using particles to mark wh-questions is actually not peculiar to Chinese,which suggests that particles may not be plausibly taken as the Q-operator.Another controversial issue is whether Chinese ha

关 键 词：生成语法 话题结构 量词短语 疑问句式 时体系统 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]