基于ESEF的水生态承载力:理论、模型与应用  

Measuring water ecological carrying capacity with the ecosystem-service-based ecological footprint(ESEF) method: Theory,models and application

作　　者：焦雯珺[1] 闵庆文[1] 李文华[1] Anthony M.FULLER 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第4期1041-1048,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所"一三五"战略科技计划项目(2012ZD007);中国博士后科学基金项目(2013M530710);中国科学院外国专家特聘研究员计划项目(2013T2Z0011)资助

摘　　要：以流域综合管理为核心的水环境管理理念要求人们从更高的角度认识水生态系统相对于人类的承载能力.水生态承载力将水资源和水环境问题统一考虑,将社会经济发展与水生态系统联系起来,为实现流域综合管理提供了有力支撑.本文以基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF)方法为基础,提出了基于ESEF的水生态承载力评估方法,构建了基于ESEF的水生态足迹与承载力模型,实现了足迹方法对水生态系统承载能力的有效表征;并建立了太湖流域水生态足迹与承载力模型,以流域上游城市常州市为例,评估了现状发展水平下水生态系统所能承载的人口与经济规模.结果表明:常州市对水生态系统服务的消费需求超出了水生态系统的供给能力,需求与供给的显著差距对水生态系统的可持续性造成影响;综合考虑水产品供给、水量支撑和水质保障3方面因素,常州市水生态系统可承载的人口与经济规模仅为现状水平的54%.Integrated watershed management based on aquatic ecosystems has been increasingly ac- knowledged. Such a change in the philosophy of water environment management requires recognizing the carrying capacity of aquatic ecosystems for human society from a more general perspective. The concept of the water ecological carrying capacity is therefore put forward, which considers both water resources and water environment, connects socio-economic development to aquatic ecosystems and provides strong support for integrated watershed management. In this paper, the authors pro- posed an ESEF-based measure of water ecological carrying capacity and constructed ESEF-based models of water ecological footprint and capacity, aiming to evaluate water ecological carrying ca- pacity with footprint methods. A regional model of Taihu Lake Basin was constructed and applied to evaluate the water ecological carrying capacity in Changzhou City which located in the upper reaches of the basin. Results showed that human demand for water ecosystem services in this city had excee- ded the supply capacity of local aquatic ecosystems and the significant gap between demand and supply had jeopardized the sustainability of local aquatic ecosystems. Considering aqua-product pro- vision, water supply and pollutant absorption in an integrated way, the scale of population and economy aquatic ecosystems in Changzhou could bear only 54% of the current status.

关 键 词：水生态承载力 水生态足迹 基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF) 太湖流域 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]